sulfur mustard (sm) has been used as a chemical warfare agent, in the world war i and more recently during iraq-iran war in early 1980s’. its biological poisoning effect could be local or systemic and its effect depends on environmental conditions, exposed organs, and the extent and duration of exposure. it is considered as a strong alkylating agent with known mutagenic, carcinogenic effects; a...

Glycyrrhiza glabra is a herbal plant used for treatment of many infertility diseases. Its roots, common source, are described to soothe fetuses in pregnant mice, but there isn't enough research know if it's safe take during pregnancy and its effects on implantation factors. This study examines the impact growth factors betacellulin (BTC), heparin-binding epidermal factor, activin A hormone embr...

Mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), one of the main metabolites of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), exerted embryo/fetotoxic effects similar to those of DEHP at lower doses. Oral administration of MEHP (1 mL/kg) to the mice of 8 days gestation resulted in less than 32% of live fetuses, all of which were deformed. When DEHP (10 mL/kg) was given to the pregnant mice of 8 days gestation, approx...

17O-MRI is expected to have clinical applications owing its high biocompatibility and ability directly track water movement. Fetuses grow with an active exchange of the mother ; therefore, understanding dynamics mother-fetus amniotic fluid cycle important. However, movement cannot be measured using echocardiography, Gd contrast-enhanced MRI contraindicated in pregnant women. In this study, 17O-...

ABSTRACT AIM: Stress can affect negatively mother and fetuses during pregnancy. We aimed to investigate the effects of chronic immobilization stress on placental maturation fetal development.MATERİALS AND METHODS: Balb/c virgin female mice (20-30 g) were mated with male in a 2 1 ratio. Pregnant control group (n=6) left undisturbed, whereas pregnant exposed 45 min for three times/day starting fr...

verbascoside (acteoside), a phenyl propanoid glycoside, comprises 0.5 to 3.5% dry weight of lippia citriodora leaves. a wide range of biological activities are attributed to verbascoside including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-tumor, anti-fungal, photoprotective as well as chelating effects. the objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of verbascoside on pregnanc...

BACKGROUND Exposure of pregnant outbred CD-1 mice to methanol during the period of gastrulation results in exencephaly, cleft palate, and cervical vertebra malformations [Rogers and Mole, Teratology 55: 364, 1997], while inbred C57BL/6J mice are sensitive to the teratogenicity of ethanol. C57BL/6J fetuses exhibit the holoprosencephaly spectrum of malformations after maternal exposure to ethanol...

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the teratogenic effects of carbamazepine (CBZ) in BALB/c mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mature female and male BALB/c mice (25-30 g) were used for all experiments. After standardization of administration and dose of CBZ, animals in the CBZ-treated groups (CBZ 450 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg) were fed on medicinal diet. The dams in the control group were ...

OBJECTIVE(S) Potassium benzoate (PB) is used as a substitute preservative for sodium benzoate primarily in dietetic foods where the sodium content is minimized. There are few reports about the teratogenic effects of PB. The purpose of this study is to investigate the teratogenic effects of PB on eye development in balb/c mice fetuses. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty female mice were divided to t...

We evaluated the effect of vaccination with the SAG1 protein of Toxoplasma gondii against congenital toxoplasmosis in mice with different genetic backgrounds. In BALB/c mice (H-2(d)), vaccination reduced the number of infected fetuses by 50% and was associated with a mixed type 1 and type 2 immunity. In CBA/J mice (H-2(k)), vaccination increased the number of infected fetuses by 50% and was ass...