Metropolitan area ring networks can be categorized into metro edge and metro core rings. The traffic characteristics of metro edge and metro core rings are quite different. While metro edge rings exhibit a strongly hubbed traffic pattern (hot spots), traffic demands in metro core rings are much more uniform. We examine the throughput-delay performance of a buffer insertion ring with destination...

This paper describes how colored Petri nets can be used for modeling the Paris underground Metro system. This is one of the most complex metro systems in the world. In this paper, the metro system is analyzed and described. The method of analysis is outlined. A working model for three of the major lines was constructed using CPNs. The results and other issues that have to be tackled are explain...

This study focused on the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in a metro system as an example of a public transportation system. The molecular characteristics of Staphylococcus were investigated to discern which strains were isolated from metro stations in Shanghai. These were compared with strains isolated from hospital treatment rooms and parks. Airborne Staphylococcus samples in the me...

neighborhoods within the hierarchy of urban structure are one of the smallest socio-physical building blocks of cities. traditional neighborhoods of iranian historic cities benefited from strong social relations which were flourished over the years and were manifested in the neighborhoods centers. in the modern era, the new master plans and the complementary local plans have disintegrated these...

|Diierentiated services for the Internet are undergoing intensive development. It is widely accepted that they will require usage sensitive pricing. The Paris Metro Pricing (PMP) proposal is to rely on pricing alone to provide diierentiated services. PMP is the simplest diierentiated services system in terms of complexity.

In this globalization era, companies are required to keep learning and changing. In the process of changing, companies need to be adaptive and innovative. Therefore, a company needs to cultivate and maintain its knowledge. Among other ways, it can be achieved by encouraging the process of knowledge sharing within the company. Hence, this study aims to know the perception of the employee regardi...

In general, city trip planning consists of two main steps: knowing Points-Of-Interest (POIs), and then planning a tour route from the current point to next preferred POIs. We mainly consider the metro for traveling around touristic cities as the main means of transportation. In this context, existing tools lack a capability to effectively visualize POIs on the metro map for trip planning. To br...

Metro WDM networks play an important role in the emerging Internet hierarchy; they interconnect the backbone WDM networks and the local access networks. The current circuit-switched SONET/SDH-over-WDM-ring metro networks are expected to become a serious bottleneck — the so-called metro gap — as they are faced with an increasing amount of bursty packet data traffic and quickly increasing bandwid...

We report on an emerging application focused on the design of resilient long reach passive optical networks using combinatorial optimisation techniques. The objective of the application is to determine the optimal position and capacity of a set of metro nodes. We specifically consider dual parented networks whereby each customer must be associated with two metro nodes. An important property of ...