Methanol is a widely used engine fuel, blend component, and additive. However, no systematic auto-ignition data or laminar flame speed measurements are available for kinetic studies of the effect methanol as blending additive component. In this work, both ignition delay times speeds pure methanol, n-heptane their blends at various ratios were measured engine-relevant conditions. Results show th...

In a direct methanol fuel cell system (DMFC), one of the drawbacks is crossover. Methanol from anode passes through membrane and enters cathode, causing mixed potential in cell. Only Pt-based catalysts are capable operating as cathode for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) harsh acidic condition DMFC. However, it causes due to high activity toward oxidation Pt. To overcome this situation, developi...

We develop a facile method for the synthesis of an iron phthalocyanine (FePc) and nitrogen-doped graphene (NG) composite as a novel and efficient non-precious catalyst in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The resulting product exhibits superior ORR catalytic activity, excellent tolerance to methanol crossover, and comparable stability to commercial Pt/C, which leads to the invention of a new...

Currently there is an ever increasing interest in spin crossover compounds, partly motivated by their potential application as molecular memory or visual display devices, which has led to a better understanding of the parameters (temperature, pressure, light, structure etc.) that influence this fascinating phenomenon. Spin crossover is best exemplified by the low spin Fe (S = 0) to high spin Fe...

Fuel cells hold great promise for wide applications in portable, residential, and large-scale power supplies. For low temperature fuel cells, such as the proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs), proton-exchange membranes (PEMs) are a key component determining the fuel cells performance. PEMs with high proton conductivity under anhydrous conditions can...

Using nuclear magnetic resonance and quasi-elastic neutron scattering spectroscopic techniques, we obtain experimental evidence of a well-defined dynamic crossover temperature T(L) in supercooled water. We consider three different geometrical environments: (i) water confined in a nanotube (quasi-one-dimensional water), (ii) water in the first hydration layer of the lysozyme protein (quasi-two-d...