complementary and alternative medicine is popular among cancer patients worldwide. among these, herbal medicines have a substantial place in cancer treatment and palliation. cancer patients in the western world use complementary and alternative medicine in conjunction with conventional care. however, the situation in a developing country such as india that has some highest cancer rates worldwid...

background: the sentinel lymph node (sln) is defined as the first chain node in the lymphatic basin that receives primary lymphatic flow. if the sln is negative for metastatic disease, then other nodes are expected to be disease-free. sln techniques have been extensively applied in the staging and treatment of many tumors, including melanoma, breast and vulvar cancers. this study aims to evalua...

cutaneous metastases of rectal carcinoma is a rare event. it occurs in fewer than 4% of all patients with rectal cancer. when present, it typically signifies a disseminated disease with a poor prognosis. early detection and proper diagnosis of metastatic rectal cancer can significantly alter treatment and prognosis. we report a 70-year-old male who underwent rectal resection with permanent colo...

statement of the problem: the head and neck region is an uncommon site for metastatic involvement, but it can be the first and only symptom of primary cancer. the incidence of these tumors and their primary origins are limited in iranian patients. purpose: therefore, this retrospective study aimed to investigate the frequency and the common related clinical manifestations, as well as, the most ...

In previous reports, patients with Ewing's sarcoma received radiation therapy (XRT) for definitive local control because metastatic disease and pelvic location were thought to preclude aggressive local treatment. We sought to determine if single-site metastatic disease should be treated differently from multicentric-metastatic disease. We also wanted to reinvestigate the impact of XRT, pelvic l...

thallium 201 whole body scintigraphy was performed in a 30 year old patient with diffuse osseous metastatic disease secondary to glioblastoma multiforme. multiple sites of thallium uptake correlated with the findings on serial bone scans and radiographs. bone biopsy of a lower lumbar vertebra confirmed that the metastases were of glial origin.

      Bone is the third most common site of metastatic disease. Bone pain is the major source of morbidity associated bone metastasis. Bone-seeking radiopharma- ceuticals have been applied for many years. The ability to simultaneously treat multiple sites of disease with a more probable therapeutic effect in earlier phases of metastatic disease is one of the advantages of radiopharmaceuticals. ...

background: axillary nodal spread is an established prognostic factor in breast cancer. axillary nodal dissection and subsequent pathological examination is considered the gold standard technique of assessing the axilla for metastatic disease. a minimum of ten level i axillary nodes are required to be examined before an axillary specimen can be reliably labeled as disease free. this recommendat...

Metastatic cutaneous involvement is a rare extraintestinal manifestation of Crohn's disease. Presence of cutaneous noncaseating granulomas that are anatomically noncontiguous in location with a fistula or the gastrointestinal tract is a diagnostic hallmark. We present a case of inflammatory bowel disease initially diagnosed as ulcerative colitis, but later manifesting as intra-abdominal abscess...

Bladder cancer occurs with a relatively high incidence in industrial nations. For example, bladder cancer is the fourth most common type of cancer in American men. The estimated U.S. incidence in 2008 was 68,810 cases and the mortality was 14,100 cases (Jemal et al., 2008). Of newly diagnosed bladder cancer cases, approximately 70% 80% will present with non muscle-invasive disease. Among such c...