17 Septic tanks with subsequent soil treatment systems (STS) are a common treatment technique 18 for domestic wastewater in rural areas. Phosphorus (P) leakage from such systems may pose a 19 risk to water quality (especially if they are located relatively close to surface waters). In this 20 study, six STS in Sweden (11 to 28 years old) were examined. Samples taken from the 21 unsaturated subs...

Gold, nickel, copper and mercury, i.e. four metals frequently used in dental applications, were explored for their capacity to induce innate immune activation in keratinocytes (KC). Due to their anatomical location the latter epithelial cells are key in primary local irritative responses of skin and mucosa. Fresh foreskin-derived keratinocytes and skin and gingiva KC cell lines were studied for...

A full-band Monte Carlo device simulator has been used to analyze the performance of sub-0.1 m Schottky barrier MOSFET’s. In these devices, the source and drain contacts are realized with metal silicide, and the injection of carriers is controlled by gate voltage modulation of tunneling through the source barrier. A simple model treating the silicide regions as metals, coupled with an Airy func...

Advanced devices (for microelectronics, energy storage, power sourcing) are complex architectures of metals and dielectrics subjected to harsh mechanical stresses. The functional reliability the embedded is driven by their ability preserve electrical properties (such as leakage breakdown). Accordingly, understanding interplay between behaviors dielectric films critical predict lifetime devices....

Copyright © Korean Carbon Society http://carbonlett.org Abstract Porous materials play a vital role in science and technology. The ability to control their pore structures at the atomic, molecular, and nanometer scales enable interactions with atoms, ions and molecules to occur throughout the bulk of the material, for practical applications. Three-dimensional (3D) porous carbon-based materials ...

The performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) was compared before and after processing the TiO(2) electrodes by minute-order electrochemical reactions with metal nitrates, where the metals were Mg, Zn, Al, and La, in 2-propanol. An overcoating of metal hydroxide was formed without the need for a sintering process, and magnesium hydroxide was found to give the largest improvement in photo...

leakage in water distribution networks causes waste of water and economical losses. in this paper a new method is presented to calculate nodal and pipes leakage in water distribution systems using capabilities of epanet2.10 software. the method estimate the total water losses in the system based on iwa methodology using minimum night flow (mnf) measurements. recognising the pressure dependency ...

Principal goals in organic thin-film transistor (OTFT) gate dielectric research include achieving: (i) low gate leakage currents and good chemical/thermal stability, (ii) minimized interface trap state densities to maximize charge transport efficiency, (iii) compatibility with both pand nchannel organic semiconductors, (iv) enhanced capacitance to lower OTFT operating voltages, and (v) efficien...

To assess the leakage of sanitation service in urban areas on the contamination of water streams and soil besides, a risk assessment study was conducted through the intake of edible plants from polluted irrigated suburban area of El-Zomor area, Egypt. The results revealed that concentrations of trace elements were several folds higher in the studied site compared to the background level in the ...

We study a magnetic proximity effect at superconductor (S) ferromagnet (F ) interface. It is shown that due to an exchange of electrons between the F and S metals ferromagnetic correlations extend into the superconductor, being dependent on interface parameters. We show that ferromagnetic exchange field pair breaking effect leads to a formation of subgap bands in the S layer local density of st...