the aim of this paper is to characterize welding of aisi 310 austenitic stainless steel to inconel 657 for use in oil-refining industries. the welds were produced using four types of filler materials; nickel-based alloys designated as inconel 82, a, 617, and 310 ss. the interfaces and heat-affected zones were characterized by optical and scanning electron microscopy. interfaces on the two sides...

The vanadium industry has experienced significant change over the last two decades with emergence of redox flow batteries for grid-level energy storage, growing demand high-strength steel, and selection as a critical material in multiple countries. This review presents status examining production processes detailing facilities. available information each producer is presented including products...

The present investigation delves into the potential of vertical zone refining as an effective purification technique for achieving high-purity tin (Sn) metal. utilization offers distinct advantages over traditional horizontal refining, it allows enhanced control molten and solid–liquid interface, ultimately leading to superior impurity separation efficiency. study reveals that solute partition ...

We have assembled extensive information on the cradle-to-gate environmental burdens of 63 metals in their major use forms, and illustrated the interconnectedness of metal production systems. Related cumulative energy use, global warming potential, human health implications and ecosystem damage are estimated by metal life cycle stage (i.e., mining, purification, and refining). For some elements,...

The aim of this paper is to characterize welding of AISI 310 austenitic stainless steel to Inconel 657 for use in oil-refining industries. The welds were produced using four types of filler materials; nickel-based alloys designated as Inconel 82, A, 617, and 310 SS. The interfaces and heat-affected zones were characterized by optical and scanning electron microscopy. Interfaces on the two sides...