In this work, a plasmonic sensor established on metal-insulator-metal waveguide configuration is proposed and numerically investigated for biosensing applications. The spectral sensing characteristics of the device are examined via two-dimensional finite element method. Sensitivity (Sbulk) figure merit (FOM) two important parameters that considered to determine performance. Sbulk as ratio betwe...

The concept of adiabatic mode transformation between silicon waveguide and surface plasmon-polariton modes in subwavelength metal-dielectric slots is investigated. The mode transformer consists of a modulated-index slot region, which is bound by two metal slabs. Using the design scheme, we will show that the optical dispersion of a modulated-index metal slot waveguide can be engineered well abo...

The present work aims to evaluate seasonal metal pollution along Greater Cairo sector of the River Nile, Egypt, using wild Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, as bioindicator and to conduct a risk assessment for human consumers. Greater Cairo is the largest populated area along the whole course of River Nile with a wide range of anthropogenic activities. Effects of metal pollution on fish body...

In this letter, we demonstrate a refractive index sensor based on a subwavelength plasmon interferometer. Illumination of an atilt subwavelength slit-grove pair on a metal surface with monochromatic light generates high-contrast interference fringes of the transmitted light. Detection of the refractive index of the dielectric medium on the metal surface is based on examining the relative positi...

Surface plasmon waves in metal-dielectric-metal structures have been theoretically examined. Because of the existence of evanescent waves that can have comparable or smaller decay rates than the propagating waves, the sign of dispersion does not necessarily indicate the sign of effective refractive index for these structures. By using the direction of energy decay to distinguish the sign of ind...

We introduce a mechanism for creating artificial high refractive index metamaterials by exploiting the existence of subwavelength propagating modes in metallic systems. As an example, we investigate analytically and numerically metal films with a periodic arrangement of cut-through slits. Because of the presence of TEM modes in the slits, for TM polarization such a system can be rigorously mapp...

Related commodity markets have two characteristics: (i) they may follow similar volatility processes; and (ii) such markets are frequently represented by a market aggregate or index. Indices are used to represent the performance and time series properties of a group of markets. An important issue regarding the time series properties of an index is how it reflects the time series properties of i...