Urban areas can represent a considerable part of the model domain in meso-scale numerical simulations with typical horizontal domain lengths of 20–200 km. This paper addresses the question of the extent of the influence of urban surfaces on the development of convective precipitation in meso-g-scale numerical models. For this purpose, a spatially variable parameterization scheme for surface sen...

In applying a multi-scale spectroscopic and computational approach, we demonstrate that the synthesis of stacked zeolite silicalite-1 nanosheets, in the presence of a long-tail diquaternary ammonium salt surfactant, proceeds through a pre-organised phase in the condensed state. In situ small-angle X-ray scattering, coupled to paracrystalline theory, and backed by electron microscopy, shows that...

Mikro Systems Inc. (MSI) has developed a high volume manufacturing process for producing complex, netshape, micro-to-meso scale structures from advanced materials comprised of powdered metals, ceramics, and polymers. This process, called Tomo-Lithographic-Molding (TLMTM), hinges upon a high-resolution master tool composed from lithographically micro-machined layers, precisely aligned and stack ...

Turbulence is ubiquitous, from oceanic currents to small-scale biological and quantum systems. Self-sustained turbulent motion in microbial suspensions presents an intriguing example of collective dynamical behavior among the simplest forms of life and is important for fluid mixing and molecular transport on the microscale. The mathematical characterization of turbulence phenomena in active non...

*Correspondence: Christos H. Halios, Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Early Gate, PO Box 243, Reading RG6 6BB, UK e-mail: [email protected] Geometric shapes of coherent structures such as ramp or cliff like signals, step changes and waves, are commonly observed in meteorological temporal series and dominate the turbulent energy and mass exchange between the atmospheric sur...

The approach includes both theoretical and measurement components. One measurement approach exploits the very high geoacoustic information content in direct path measurements of seabed reflection and scattering. Another measurement approach, based on long-range reverberation, has much less information content but is nonetheless a powerful way to explore scales inherent in the seabed. Both kinds...

Meso-scale models are increasingly used for estimating wind resources for wind turbine siting. In this study, we investigate how the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model performs using standard model settings in two different planetary boundary layer schemes for a forested landscape and how this performance is changed when enhancing the roughness by a factor four in one of the schemes. ...

This paper summarizes the initial development of a very small-scale rotorcraft that flies on its own power and carries sensors for atmospheric research or planetary exploration. Initial devices are electrically powered, ranging in size from 2 to 15 cm, and have involved challenges in aerodynamics, control, and manufacturing. Many interesting scaling issues arise as one shrinks a flight vehicle ...

Some of the challenges associated with micro systems assembly are examined in this paper, and illustrated with examples of on-going research at the authors’ institution. One of the basic challenges in precision assembly is the need for very high accuracy over a large range of motion. We address this challenge through a “multiscale” approach. This involves the design of assembly tools and proces...