According to the human's life style in this time and reduction of appropriate places for attendance of people¸ continuance of human's social life and improvement of human's social culture¸ people should be reconciled to the community complex by making essential bases. Social places belong to the all citizens and it defines by humans’ activities. So by making suitable potentials such as liveline...

In his text Visualizing Data, William Cleveland demonstrates how the aspect ratio of a line chart can affect an analyst’s perception of trends in the data. Cleveland proposes an optimization technique for computing the aspect ratio such that the average absolute orientation of line segments in the chart is equal to 45 degrees. This technique, called banking to 45°, is designed to maximize the d...

We investigated human sensitivity to vertical mirror symmetry in noise patterns filtered for narrow bands of variable orientations. Sensitivity is defined here as the amount of spatial phase randomization corresponding to 75% correct performance in a 2AFC detection task. In Experiment 1, sensitivity was found to be high for tests patterns of all orientations except those parallel to the axis of...

We consider a system of mobile hard rods that are immersed in an isotropic matrix of hard rods with quenched positions and orientations. Using quenched-annealed density functional theory the disorder-averaged excess free energy functional is approximated by an Onsager second virial form, which is valid in the limit of large length-to-thickness aspect ratio of the particles. We find that inside ...

Four experiments examined whether or not mental rotation of compound stimuli is a holistic process. Large letters (global aspect) composed of small letters (local aspect) were presented, and the format (normal vs. reflected) of each aspect was manipulated independently. In Experiment 1, the rate of mental rotation was compared under divided- and focused-attention instructions. The overall rate ...

Mental health is seen as an important aspect in the community response to crisis and disaster. Research offers limited guidance to what interventions are likely to be effective in preventing postdisaster mental health problems. This article reviews recommended elements of mental health responses to community disasters. Different factors influencing response are illustrated by using 9/11 and Hur...

Mental representation is a fundamental aspect of advanced cognition. An understanding of the evolution of mental representation is essential to an understanding of the evolution of mind. However, being a decidedly mental phenomenon, its evolution is difficult to study. We hypothesize how interactions between adaptation levels may cause emergence of isomorphism between a cognitive system and its...

Mental health is very important for an individual’s effective living. World Health Organization (WHO, 2001) has defined health as a state of “complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease of infirmity”. Mental health is thus an important aspect of a person’s overall health. Psychologists define “Mental health as a state of being in peace with oneself and ...