Electrons, from the oxidation of water, inside the grana disks (thylakoids) are transferred across the membrane to the outside, to the Calvin cycle or the Hill oxidant. The span in redox level may be 2.3 V. Part of the system II chlorophyll is on the inside of the membrane and part on the outside. An electron trap is embedded in the membrane. Alternately, an excited chlorophyll on the inside gi...

This study deals with predicting the performance of an evaporative condenser using both artificial neural network (ANN) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) techniques. For this aim, an experimental evaporative condenser consisting of a copper tube condensing coil along with air and water circuit elements was developed and equipped with instruments used for temperature, pressure an...

In recent years, noninvasive diagnosis based on biomarkers in exhaled breath has been extensively studied. The procedure of biomarker collection is a key step. However, the traditional condenser method has low efficacy in collecting nonvolatile compounds especially the protein biomarkers in breath. To solve this deficiency, here we propose an electret filter method.Exhaled breath of 6 volunteer...

We report on a novel condenser for full-field transmission x-ray microscopes that use synchrotron radiation from an undulator source. The condenser produces a Koehler-like homogeneous intensity distribution in the sample plane and eliminates object illumination problems connected with the high degree of spatial coherence in an undulator beam. The optic consists of a large number of small linear...

An optical system for illumination of object in x-ray imaging microscopy is developed. The optical system is a beam condenser consisting of a single-bounce conical-shape mono-capillary (x-ray guide tube: XGT) made of Pyrex glass. The XGT condenser was tested at the beam line 47XU of SPring-8 using a Fresnel zone plate as an objective lens. Comparing with the microscope without beam condenser, t...

The exhaust gas from coal-fired power plants installed with desulfurization tower contains a large amount of water vapor, recovering flue for recycling is great significance in saving and sustainable development. In this work, transport membrane condenser was assembled by using the 1 μm pore-sized ceramic membrane, experimental research performed on plant. influence longitudinal tube spacing re...

We find an asymptotic formula for the conformal capacity of a plane condenser both plate of which are concentric circular arcs as the distance between them vanishes. This result generalizes the formula for the capacity of parallel linear plate condenser found by Simonenko and Chekulaeva in 1972 and sheds light on the problem of finding an asymptotic formula for the capacity of condenser whose p...

In this paper we describe a new fiber-optic microphone developed as a passive acoustic sensor for traffic monitoring and vehicle classification. It is based on a fiber-optic extrinsic Fabry–Perot (FP) microinterferometer coupled to an external membrane for modulating the FP cavity length and a low coherent superluminescent diode as light source. The frequency characteristic as compared with a s...