development of pharmacognosy is revealed as a struggle between disciplines and outstanding scholars. Botany and materia medica appeared early as subjects in the syllabuses of the medical faculty. By 1810, Schultes had merged disciplines to produce medical-pharmaceutical botany and, after the move to Munich, von Martius promoted pharmacognosy, the studies moving increasingly from a medical to a ...

Zingiber zerumbet Sm., locally known to the Malay as "Lempoyang," is a perennial herb found in many tropical countries, including Malaysia. The rhizomes of Z. zerumbet, particularly, have been regularly used as food flavouring and appetizer in various Malays' cuisines while the rhizomes extracts have been used in Malay traditional medicine to treat various types of ailments (e.g., inflammatory-...

Ethno-botany accounts for the study of relationship between people and plants for their use as medicines, food, shelter, clothing, fuel, fodder and other household purposes (Balick, 1996). It deals with the interaction of indigenous plants and the local inhabitants of the area. The aim of ethnobotanists is to explore how these plants are used as food, clothing, shelter, fodder, fuel, furniture ...

iran has a great wealth of various naturally occurring medicinal plants which have great potential pharmacological activities. otostegia persica (burm.f.) boiss. is one of these plants which is a perennial shrub found in south and southeast of iran. the aerial parts of o. persica have been used in iranian traditional medicine to treat various types of diseases (e.g., inflammatoryand pain-mediat...

By the law of mutually exclusive events, the distribution of a' when s' is known can be found by integrating the present p(a)p(cr)dadu over all o. Equation (9) is then in fact obtained, showing the consistency of the results given in these papers. Equation (9) is the answer to question'(A); and while the answer to question (A) has thus been shown to follow from the answer to question (B), the m...

Background & Aim: In recent years, Iran and other countries pay special attention to side effects of chemical plants. This interest in plants and their derivatives leads to business of medicinal plants. In Caspian region, in forestry projects there are many plant species with medicinal uses from which the locale indigenous used due to traditional experience without any especial processing in pa...

Introduction: Ethnobotany involves an interdisciplinary approach encompassing the fields of botany, chemistry, pharmacology and anthropology. The usage of traditional and complementary medicine is on the increase in many developed and developing countries. Objective: The study was done to identify major medicinal plants, and also to document the traditional medicinal plants and their medicinal ...