Poverty and associated health, nutrition, and social factors prevent at least 200 million children in developing countries from attaining their developmental potential. We review the evidence linking compromised development with modifi able biological and psychosocial risks encountered by children from birth to 5 years of age. We identify four key risk factors where the need for intervention is...

Benchmarking of the performance of states, provinces, or districts in a decentralised health system is important for fostering of accountability, monitoring of progress, identifi cation of determinants of success and failure, and creation of a culture of evidence. The Mexican Ministry of Health has, since 2001, used a benchmarking approach based on the WHO concept of eff ective coverage of an i...

Materials and methods: Th e eff ects of HBO on Leishmania tropica promastigote and amastigote forms were studied at a pressure of 2.5 atmosphere absolute (ata). We examined the cytotoxic eff ect of HBO on promastigotes using the trypan blue exclusion test and the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) dye-reduction assay. To investigate the eff ects of HBO treatment ...

background: deodorant products prevent the growth and activity of the degrading apocrine gland bacteria living in the armpit. common antibacterial agents in the market like triclosan and aluminum salts, in spite of their suitable antibacterial eff ects, increase the risk of alzheimer’s disease, breast and prostate cancers or induce contact dermatitis. th erefore, plant extracts possessing ant...

Background: Nanoparticles have been applied to medicine, hygiene, pharmacy and dentistry, and will bring significant advances in the prevention, diagnosis, drug delivery and treatment of disease. Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles has a very important role in nanobiotechnology, allowing production of non-toxic and eco-friendly particles.Objectives: Gr...

Johnathan Pearson-Stuttard and colleagues’ Review assessed the eff ect of glycaemic control on infection rates in people with diabetes, concluding that poor control is associated with increased infection rates. The investigators emphasised the paucity of studies specifi cally analysing the eff ect of glycaemic control on infection rates in elderly people (age >70 years). This point is particula...

Statins reduce cholesterol levels by inhibiting 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase and have a major place in the treatment of atherosclerotic disease. Recent studies have shown anti-infl ammatory properties of statins. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-infl ammatory eff ect of simvastatin on bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fi brosis in rats. A total of 31 female ...

A longstanding question in the study of energy demand concerns the role of information as a determinant of home-effi ciency improvements. Although the provision of information via home energy audits is frequently asserted to be an eff ective means for governments to encourage the implementation of effi ciency-enhancing renovations, empirical support for this assertion is tenuous at best. Apart ...

Politicians expend a great deal of eff ort on attempting to reduce unemployment and stimulate economic growth. Policy programs specifi cally intended to create additional employment can be found at the regional, national, and supranational levels. Historically, such measures focused on the performance of large incumbent fi rms and more or less ignored the role that new businesses play in econom...