BACKGROUND/AIMS Surgical correction of ocular alignment in patients with third cranial nerve paralysis is challenging, as the unopposed lateral rectus muscle often pulls the eye back to exotropia following surgery. The authors present a simple surgical approach to overcome this difficulty. This approach is also applicable to removal of unwanted overactivity of the lateral rectus in Duane syndro...

purpose: to report a case of partial agenesis of the inferior rectus muscle in a child who was presented because of ocular misalignment and a deficient depression of the right eye. patient and findings: the patient was a 4-year-old girl. preoperative ct scans confirmed the clinical diagnosis of inferior rectus agenesis. the patient underwent augmented transposition of horizontal recti muscles w...

Aim: Vertical incomitance can occur after muscle surgery, reasons remain unknown. In a prospective study, incidence and treatment was analysed. Material and methods: 40 consecutive esotropes where uniocular recession and resection was done were included in this study. First 20 had standard recession –resection and the rest 20 had hang back medial rectus recession along with resection andsplitti...

OBJECTIVE To assess donor-site morbidity and survival of the rectus abdominis muscle with an overlying skin graft after free tissue transfer to a medial femorotibial defect in dogs. STUDY DESIGN Experimental study. SAMPLE POPULATION Phase 1: 6 canine cadavers; phase 2: 7 adult mixed-breed dogs. METHODS Phase 1: The rectus abdominis muscle was removed from canine cadavers, muscular and vas...

INTRODUCTION In esotropia with larger angles > near than at distance, splitting of the medial rectus muscle has been suggested as a treatment option. Previous reports of bilateral medial rectus Y-splitting as a first intervention showed a reduction of the distance/near disparity with fewer side effects compared to posterior fixation surgery. We address whether a medial rectus Y-splitting as a s...

Forty-six children awaiting surgery for concomitant esotropia were placed into two matched groups. One group received bilateral medial rectus recessions, while the second group received augmented bilateral medial rectus recessions. By recession the conjunctiva and subconjunctival tissue in addition to the medial rectus we consistently increased the correction obtained. With bilateral medial rec...

PURPOSE Fibroelastic pulleys function like the trochlea to fix the position and pulling direction of the recti extraocular muscles within the orbit. This study characterized the fine structure of the human medial rectus muscle pulley. METHODS Human medial rectus muscle pulley tissue was dissected at autopsy, immersed in aldehyde fixative solution, and processed for and examined with light and...

A 67-year-old male had suffered from eye movement disturbance from Graves’ orbitopathy. His right eye was fixed in an esotropic position. Examination by synoptophore showed that his right eye deviation was 22 degrees medially. The upper eyelid margin reflex distance (MRD) was 3.5 mm OD and 5.6 mm OS, and the lower eyelid MRD was 5.1 mm OU. Six mm medial rectus muscle recession with tenotomy was...