Mirror-self recognition (MSR) is a behavioral indicator of self-awareness in young children and only a few other species, including the great apes, dolphins, elephants and magpies. The emergence of self-awareness in children typically occurs during the second year and has been correlated with sensorimotor development and growing social and self-awareness. Comparative studies of MSR in chimpanze...

During atherogenesis, a pathological accumulation of lipids occurs within aortic intimal macrophages through uptake of oxidised low-density lipoprotein (LDL) via scavenger receptors. Here we investigate whether some of the anti-atherosclerotic effects ascribed to dietary fish oil are mediated through effects on macrophage intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and scavenger receptor express...

Given any finite and closed chemical reaction system, it is possible to efficiently determine whether or not it contains a ‘self-sustaining and collectively autocatalytic’ subset of reactions, and to find such subsets when they exist. However, for systems that are potentially open-ended (for example, when no prescribed upper bound is placed on the complexity or size/length of molecules types), ...

The ability of systems of molecular reactions to be simultaneously autocatalylic and sustained by some ambient 'food source' of simple molecules may have been an essential step in the origin of life. In this paper we first describe a polynomial-time algorithm that determines whether any given set of molecules, reactions and catalysations contains a subsystem that is both autocatalytic and able ...

BACKGROUND Insect sting allergy is a medical condition the magnitude of which has not been fully estimated in children. OBJECTIVES We sought to evaluate the prevalence of insect stings among schoolchildren in Israel, the rate of allergic reactions, and hospital attendance. METHODS A self-report questionnaire of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood was administered to...

the term reflex epilepsy in reserved for a small subgroup o seizures that occur regularly in response to specific stimuli. our patient is a 20- year old male, who had pleasure, euphoria, loss of conciousness and generalized tonic- clonic convulstion when he watched tv since ten years. during puberty the patient that self-induced reflex epilepsy with photic stimulation, when watching tv or looki...

Glutamate is a putative neurotransmitter at Ia-alpha motoneuron synapse in the spinal cord and mediate the action via N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate (AMPA) receptors. Since NMDA receptors are not involved in M. tamulus Pocock (MBT) venom-induced depression of spinal monosynaptic reflex (MSR), the present study was undertaken to evaluate the rol...

The class A macrophage scavenger receptor (MSR-A) is a multifunctional trimeric glycoprotein involved in innate immune response as well as the development of lipid-laden foam cells during atherosclerosis. The MSR ligand, oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL), is known to be cytotoxic to macrophages and other cell types. This study examined whether MSR mediates or modulates oxLDL-induced apop...

Considered an indicator of self-awareness, mirror self-recognition (MSR) has long seemed limited to humans and apes. In both phylogeny and human ontogeny, MSR is thought to correlate with higher forms of empathy and altruistic behavior. Apart from humans and apes, dolphins and elephants are also known for such capacities. After the recent discovery of MSR in dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), eleph...