OBJECTIVE To estimate the optimum ratio of chest compressions to ventilations for one-rescuer CPR that maximizes systemic oxygen delivery in children. METHOD Equations describing oxygen delivery and blood flow during CPR as functions of the number of compressions and the number of ventilations delivered over time were adapted from the former work of Babbs and Kern. These equations were solved...

Oxygen consumption dedicated to respiratory work (V̇O2RESP) during quiet breathing is small in normal patients. In the morbidly obese, at high minute ventilations, V̇O2RESP is greater than in normal patients, but V̇O2RESP during quiet breathing in these patients is not known. We postulated that such patients have increased V̇O2RESP at rest which may predispose them to respiratory failure when addit...

BACKGROUND A self-inflating bag-mask device is specified by international policy guidelines as standard prototype of care for newborn resuscitation. Our hypothesis is that a new bag-mask design would be as effective and easy to use as a standard, self-inflating resuscitation bag-mask. METHODS We conducted a comparative evaluation of the performance and acceptability of the Laerdal 220-mL resu...

EDITOR: Negative pressure pulmonary oedema is a medical emergency that usually arises from attempted ventilations against an acutely obstructed upper airway, such as the one that occurs during laryngospasm, resulting in transudation of fluid from pulmonary capillaries to the interstitium. Frequently, this occurs in the perioperative period when general anaesthesia is used. Clinicians should pro...

OBJECTIVE To describe ventilatory dynamics following the onset of ventricular fibrillation (VF) in an experimental swine model. METHODS Twelve female mixed-breed domestic swine (mean mass 21.3 +/- 1.7 kg) were sedated with IM ketamine (10 mg/kg) and xylazine (1 mg/kg), anesthetized with alpha-chloralose (40 mg/kg loading dose, 10 mg/kg/hr maintenance infusion), intubated, and mechanically ven...

School retrofitting should aim to not only improve its energy performance, but also maintain a good IAQ. An optimal combination of measures must be selected by considering the transient state changes outdoor and built environments. Although simulation is an effective platform evaluate measure candidates, there general lack practical methods for practitioners collect field data prepare reliable ...

We studied regional blood flow (QR) using radiolabeled microspheres and measured hemodynamic variables in 20 anesthetized dogs in normal sinus rhythm and during ventricular fibrillation treated with cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Nonsimultaneous compression and ventilation CPR (NSCV-CPR) was performed in seven dogs with a pneumatic piston that gave 50 chest compressions/min with an open a...

Introduction The Laerdal MiniAnne personal resuscitation manikin with a self-instruction video can effectively teach lay persons basic life support (BLS) in less than 30 minutes [1]. The aim of this study was to assess if the quality of BLS could be improved by adding a counting device to the manikin. The aim of the counting device, which counts the number of correct chest compressions and mout...