Currently there is no standardized, quantitative measure of the reticence construct created by Phillips (1965, 1984, 1986). Critics (e.g., Glaser, 1981) have argued that this has made it difficult to compare findings across studies of reticence as well as to establish the effectiveness of skills training programs such as the rhetoritherapy program Phillips developed for the treatment of reticen...

A central issue in the study of sustainable development is the interplay of growth and sacrifice in a dynamic economy. This paper investigates the relationship among current consumption, sacrifice and sustainability improvement in a general context and in two canonical, stylized economies. We argue that the maximin value of utility measures what is sustainable and provides the limit to growth. ...

socialization is one of the most important goals of any developmental program and educational scientists try to provide students with appropriate contexts to develop socialization throughout the developmental ages. this study aimed to investigate the effect of traditional and modern childish plays on the social development of female students in the first grade (6-7 years old) in 1388-1389 in tw...