We study the effect of different feature space normalization techniques in adverse acoustic conditions. Recognition tests are reported for cepstral mean and variance normalization, histogram normalization, feature space rotation, and vocal tract length normalization on a German isolated word recognition task with large acoustic mismatch. The training data was recorded in clean office environmen...

This paper investigates several feature normalization techniques for use in an i-vector speaker verification system based on a mixture probabilistic linear discriminant analysis (PLDA) model. The objective of the feature normalization technique is to compensate for the effects of environmental mismatch. Here, we study short-time Gaussianization (STG), short-time mean and variance normalization ...

AIM Recent studies of Parkinson's disease (PD) report subcortical increases of cerebral blood flow (CBF) or cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (CMRglc), after conventional normalization to the global mean. However, if the global mean CBF or CMRglc is decreased in the PD group, this normalization necessarily generates artificial relative increases in regions unaffected by the disease. This poten...

PURPOSE We developed a method to normalize optical coherence tomography (OCT) signal profiles from two spectral-domain (SD) OCT devices so that the comparability between devices increases. METHODS We scanned 21 eyes from 14 healthy and 7 glaucoma subjects with two SD-OCT devices on the same day, with equivalent cube scan patterns centered on the fovea (Cirrus HD-OCT and RTVue). Foveola positi...

Affymetrix high-density oligonucleotide array is a tool that has the capacity to simultaneously measure the abundance of thousands of mRNA sequences in biological samples. In order to allow direct array-to-array comparisons, normalization is a necessity. When deciding on an appropriate normalization procedure there are a couple questions that need to be addressed, e.g., on which level should th...

Information fusion at the matching score level is widely used, due to the simplicity in combining the scores generated by different matchers. Since the matching scores output by various modalities are diverse in numerical range, score normalization is needed first, to transform these scores into a common domain. Then score fusion is to be carried out on the normalized scores. In this paper, we ...

The conventional view on the problem of robustness in speech recognition is that performance degradation in ASR systems is due to mismatch between training and test conditions. If problem of robustness in ASR systems were considered as a mismatch between the training and testing conditions the solution would be to find a way to reduce it. Common approaches are: Data-Driven methods such as speec...

Objective(s): Alternative normalization methods were proposed to solve the biased information of SPM in the study of neurodegenerative disease. The objective of this study was to determine the most suitable count normalization method for SPM analysis of a neurodegenerative disease based on the results of different count normalization methods applied on a prepared digital phantom similar to one ...

In Gamma Knife forward treatment planning, normalization effect may be observed when multiple shots are used for treating large lesions. This effect can reduce the proportion of coverage of high-value isodose lines within targets. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of forward treatment planning techniques using the Leksell Gamma Knife for the normalization effect reduction. W...