All visual sensors, biological and artificial, are finite in resolution by necessity. As a result, the effective reflectance of surfaces in a scene varies with magnification. A reflectance model for matte surfaces is described that incorporates the effect of macroscopic surface undulations on image brightness. The model takes into account complex physical phenomena such as masking, shadowing, a...

Matting is a useful tool for image and video editing where foreground objects need to be extracted and pasted onto a different background. A matte is represented by α which defines the opacity of a pixel and is a value in [0, 1], with 0 for background (B) pixels and 1 for foreground (F) pixels. There are three main approaches for image matting: In samplingbased approaches, a foreground-backgrou...

An important aspect of non-ferrous metal production is the separation process known as smelting, in which the concentrated ore is melted and separated into two components of different densities: the slag and the matte. The smelting process is carried out through high-power heating in electric arc furnaces. In order to maintain a constant desired matte production rate and constant matte and slag...

Surface specularity distorts the optic flow generated by a moving object in a way that provides important cues for identifying surface material properties (Doerschner, Fleming et al., 2011). Here we show that specular flow can also affect the perceived rotation axis of objects. In three experiments, we investigate how three-dimensional shape and surface material interact to affect the perceived...

relative diffuse reflection measurements from the original and ground surfaces using a he-ne laser are reported. the intensity measurements for the metallic, transparent dielectric, matte plastic surfaces and colored papers are presented. our results indicate that among metallic surfaces tested, aluminum has the highest diffuse reflectance; while the original stainless steel surface shows the l...

We present a new, simple-to-use and rapid approach to video matting, the process of pulling a highquality alpha matte from a video sequence. Our approach builds upon techniques in natural image matting, namely spectral matting, and optical flow computation. No additional hardware, despite a single camera, is needed, and only very few and intuitive user interactions are required for foreground e...