There remains considerable debate regarding the effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy on children's growth and development. Evidence that exposure to maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with numerous adverse outcomes is contradicted by research suggesting that these associations are spurious. The authors investigated the relation between maternal smoking during pregnancy and ...

Perinatal maternal smoking exposure (PMSE) is one of the major environmental risk factors encountered by the fetus. PMSE is usually associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes that may manifest at different stages of life. Nevertheless, fetal growth restriction is the most common smoking-induced side effect. PMSE induces changes in the maternal multiple organ systems. These alterations may affec...

BACKGROUND Maternal smoking in pregnancy lowers birthweight. It is unclear, however, whether smoking during pregnancy lowers offspring IQ, and, if it does, whether it is through the smoking effect on fetal growth. METHOD Representative samples of low birthweight (<2500 g) and normal birthweight children born in 1983-85 from inner-city and suburban communities in southeast Michigan, USA were a...

BACKGROUND Foetal smoke exposure might lead to foetal developmental adaptations that permanently affect the cardiovascular system. We assessed the associations of both maternal and paternal smoking during pregnancy with childhood cardiovascular structures and function. METHOD In a prospective cohort study among 5565 children, we examined whether maternal and paternal smoking during pregnancy ...

BACKGROUND Research has documented the adverse relationship of child cognitive development with maternal prenatal smoking and poor birth outcomes. The potential, however, for maternal prenatal smoking to modify the association between birth outcomes and cognitive development is unclear. METHODS We linked statewide North Carolina birth data for non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic black childre...

BACKGROUND In Western countries, active maternal smoking during pregnancy is recognized as the most important preventable risk factor for adverse birth outcomes. However, the effect of passive maternal smoking is less clear and has not been extensively studied. In Japan, there has been only one epidemiological study which examined the effects of active smoking during early pregnancy on birth ou...

OBJECTIVE We examined the hypothesis that foetal exposure to maternal passive smoking is associated with childhood asthma, allergic rhinitis, and eczema. METHODS. The study was a population-based cross-sectional survey of Hong Kong Chinese children aged ≤14 years carried out in 2005 to 2006. RESULTS. Foetal exposure to maternal passive smoking was significantly associated with wheeze ever (OR 2...

BACKGROUND Tobacco metabolites and carcinogens can be found in placental and umbilical cord tissues of fetuses exposed to maternal smoking. However, studies regarding maternal smoking during pregnancy and childhood brain tumor (CBT) have shown inconsistent results. METHODS All children born in Sweden between 1983 and 2010 and with information about maternal smoking during pregnancy, obtained ...

Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with decreased infant birth weight and increased incidence of prematurity, as defined by weight alone, and may be associated with an increased incidence of spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, and neonatal death. Changes in the metabolism of the placenta and in various hematological factors in the newborn infant have -been found to be associated with...

Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with greater rates of premature deliveries, low birth weight, perinatal morbidity and mortality, and impaired intellectual development. It also causes a three-fold greater risk for intracranial hemorrhage in neonates. To our knowledge no neonatal case with intracranial hemorrhage and hematuria related to heavy maternal smoking has been published t...