Placenta accreta presents one of the highest risks to pregnancy, and its more severe variant, placenta percreta, is particularly risky. The incidence of both conditions is increasing. Placenta percreta requires a cesarean hysterectomy for management, but the challenges associated with this surgery often result in severe obstetric hemorrhaging and high rates of maternal morbidity. Several recent...

Adverse influences during fetal life alter the structure and function of distinct cells, organ systems or homoeostatic pathways, thereby 'programming' the individual for an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease and diabetes in adult life. Fetal programming can be caused by a number of different perturbations in the maternal compartment, such as altered maternal nutrition and reduc...

Invasive placenta, often involving placenta accreta, placenta increta, and placenta percreta, is a life-threatening complication of pregnancy characterized by invasion of placental villi into the underlying myometrium. Invasive placenta is usually diagnosed as a result of abnormalities encountered during removal of the placenta at delivery. Because of profuse hemorrhaging in the early postpartu...

Maternal insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) play a pivotal role in modulating fetal growth via their actions on both the mother and the placenta. Circulating IGFs influence maternal tissue growth and metabolism, thereby regulating nutrient availability for the growth of the conceptus. Maternal IGFs also regulate placental morphogenesis, substrate transport and hormone secretion, all of which in...

The prospective study was conducted in tertiary hospitals' Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology from January 2022 to June assess the incidence feto-maternal outcomes cases with morbidly adherent placenta. on 155 women fulfilling inclusion criteria. Demographic medical data were recorded. procedure performed using a lower-segment approach, complications managed according protocol. Results sh...

AIMS Formic acid has recently been detected in maternal blood and umbilical cord blood of infants born to alcohol abusing mothers. This toxic metabolite of methanol requires folate for detoxification. We hypothesized that formic acid produced in the maternal circulation will transfer across the placenta and will be toxic to the placenta. Our objectives were, first, to determine whether formic a...

Within the vertebrate groups, only mammals are subject to a specialized epigenetic process termed genomic imprinting in which genes are preferentially expressed from one parental allele. Imprinted expression has been reported for >100 mouse genes and, for approximately one-quarter of these genes, the imprinted expression is specific to the placenta (or extraembryonic tissues). This seemingly pl...

Sexual reproduction in the ocean necessitates only the combination of gametes, followed by absorption of nutrients and oxygen from the surrounding watery medium. As life moved from the sea to the land, reproductive strategies required compensation for the loss of this aquatic environment. For mammals and a few other animals, the solution to this problem was the development of the placenta, the ...

The incidence of placenta accreta and maternal death are substantially increased due to the increased rate cesarean section [1,2]. The incidence of placenta accreta reported approximately 0.8 to 3 per 1000 deliveries. Maternal mortality related to placenta accreta and its complications occurs approximately as high as 6-7% [3]. Placenta accreta is the most common cause for emergency postpartum h...

Information derived from animal investigations using labelled thtty acid infusions and measurements of the fatty acid concentrations found in the various fractions i n maternal and foetal umbilical artery and venous blood and tissues have shown that the net flux of fatty acid from mother t o foetus across the placenta varies greatly from species to species. In general, in those species with mat...