Loss of muscle mass aggravates a variety of diseases, and understanding the molecular mechanisms that control muscle wasting is critical for developing new therapeutic approaches. Weakness is caused by loss of muscle proteins, and recent studies have underlined a major role for the autophagy-lysosome system in regulating muscle mass. Some key components of the autophagy machinery are transcript...

Sarcopenia (muscle wasting) and cachexia share some pathophysiological aspects. Sarcopenia affects approximately 20 %, cachexia <10 % of ambulatory patients with heart failure (HF). Whilst sarcopenia means loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength that predominantly affects postural rather than non-postural muscles, cachexia means loss of muscle and fat tissue that leads to weight loss. The was...

A large proportion (?80%) of the Indian subcontinent's precipitation comes from summer monsoon (ISM), which influences one-fifth world's population. long-term reliable proxy for ISM is fundamental to understanding previous global climate change. We establish a mass-wasting-inferred examine paleo-hydrogeology (river undercutting history) Southeast Tibetan Plateau and reconstruct dramatic variabi...

Muscle wasting has long been recognized as a major clinical problem in hemodialysis (HD) patients. In addition to its impact on quality of life, muscle wasting has been proven to be associated with increased mortality rates. Identification of the molecular mechanisms underlying muscle wasting in HD patients provides opportunities to resolve this clinical problem. Several signaling pathways and ...

In 1987, wasting was designated an AIDS-defining condition by the Centers for Disease Control (Centers for Disease Control 1987). Defined conventionally as the involuntary loss of 10% or more of one’s premorbid weight, wasting has been observed as a primary feature of HIV disease since the first reports were filed documenting the clinical manifestations of this condition. The prevalence of wast...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Currently, feeding the ICU patient is highly discussed. Energy feeding has been the topic of randomized studies, but protein feeding has not. Study results are contradictory on early feeding; however, little is known about early protein requirement. What is this protein requirement based on, therefore what are the fundamental determinants? RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have...