Fixed performance oxygen masks operate by supplying mixtures of oxygen and air at rates exceeding the inspiratory flow rate of the patient. In this study the oxygen concentration delivered by three fixed performance oxygen masks was determined non-invasively at various inspiratory flow rates. At low inspiratory flow rates all the masks studied acted as fixed performance devices. When the peak i...

In Vanderbei et al. (2003), we introduced a class of shaped pupil masks, called spiderweb masks, that produce point spread functions having annular dark zones. With such masks, a single image can be used to probe a star for extrasolar planets. In this paper, we introduce a new class of shaped pupil masks that also provide annular dark zones. We call these masks starshaped masks. Given any circu...

An incremental learning for the feature extraction of OCR was applied to the learning of multiple filter mask in the feature extraction. The multiple filter mask means plural masks which are used for one local region of an input pattern. The output of the filter is provided to a recognition unit as a feature vector. In the recognition unit, distance is calculated by a reference vector and the f...

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are usually used for single channel source separation to predict either soft or binary time frequency masks. The masks are used to separate the sources from the mixed signal. Binary masks produce separated sources with more distortion and less interference than soft masks. In this paper, we propose to use another DNN to combine the estimates of binary and soft masks ...

A vernier, presented for a short time, shines through a following grating if the grating contains nine and more elements but remains largely invisible for smaller gratings. Therefore, extended grating masks yield, surprisingly, less masking than smaller ones. Here, we show that this mask size effect is not unique to grating masks. Masking diminishes if the size of classical pattern-, noise-, li...

Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is a real advance in the management of both chronic and acute respiratory failure. It is the absence of an endotracheal or tracheostomy tube which defines NIV. The development of various interfaces have made the delivery of effective ventilation to patients without intubation possible and a good interface is crucial to success. These can be factory manufactured or ...

OBJECTIVE To identify which noninvasive ventilation (NIV) masks are most commonly used and the problems related to the adaptation to such masks in critically ill patients admitted to a hospital in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS An observational study involving patients ≥ 18 years of age admitted to intensive care units and submitted to NIV. The reason for NIV use, type of mask, NIV re...

UNLABELLED Brain masking of MRI images separates brain from surrounding tissue and its accuracy is important for further imaging analyses. We implemented a new brain masking technique based on multi-atlas brain segmentation (MABS) and compared MABS to masks generated using FreeSurfer (FS; version 5.3), Brain Extraction Tool (BET), and Brainwash, using manually defined masks (MM) as the gold sta...