Microtubules turn over rapidly arc Kirschner recalls that the mid-1980s “was a very innovative time.” While the era was giving rise to stonewashed jeans and rap music, cell biology was entering new territory as it finally went molecular. For cell biologists who, like Kirschner, were interested in the cytoskeleton, there was an even more exciting possibility: the modification of interesting prot...

INTRODUCTION Simultaneous supracondylar humerus fracture and ipsilateral fracture of the proximal humerus in children is rare. CASE PRESENTATION A 10-year-old Turkish boy with an extension type supracondylar humerus fracture and ipsilateral fracture at the proximal metaphyseal-diaphyseal junction of the humerus was treated by closed reduction and percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation. Closed r...

A 44-year-old woman was admitted to the emergency service with dyspnea, chest pain, and vomiting. Cardiac tamponade due to right ventricular penetration of a Kirschner wire was detected as a late complication of wire placement in the sternoclavicular joint. Clinicians should be aware of wire migration with cardiac penetration as a late complication of Kirschner wire placed in any part of the body.

INTRODUCTION: Surgical simulation provides resident physicians the opportunity to improve their operative skills in a safe environment. Placement of Kirschner wires for hand fractures is a deceptively difficult technique which requires significant experience to master. A simulator to aid in visualizing the anatomy would help trainees more rapidly advance their skills. We describe the design, cr...

A prospective study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of percutaneous Kirschner-wire fixation for the management of high-risk distal forearm fractures in children. Thirty two children (22 boys & 10 girls) with displaced fractures of the distal third of the radius with or without ulnar fractures were managed by closed reduction and percutaneous Kirschner-wire fixation. Their average age was...

PURPOSE To compare the outcomes of intramedullary Kirschner wire versus screw and plate fixation for unstable forearm fractures in children aged older than 10 years. METHODS Records of 32 children aged 10 to 15 (mean, 12) years with displaced fractures of the radius and ulna were retrospectively reviewed. 17 boys and 4 girls underwent intramedullary Kirschner wiring, whereas 10 boys and one g...

Many innovative approaches to education such as problem-based learning (PBL) and inquiry learning (IL) situate learning in problem-solving or investigations of complex phenomena. Kirschner, Sweller, and Clark (2006) grouped these approaches together with unguided discovery learning. However, the problem with their line of argument is that IL and PBL approaches are highly scaffolded. In this art...

BACKGROUND Patella fractures represent 1 % of all musculoskeletal system fractures. Fixation of patellar fractures using open reduction and tension band wiring is a commonly used and successful surgical fixation method. CASE PRESENTATION A 28-year-old male patient from Turkey presented to our clinic with complaints of palpable foreign bodies under the skin on the dorsolateral side of his righ...

Martin KAY has shown that parsing and generation could be done using Functional Grammars. APPELT lAPP85] and McKEOWN [McK82], among others, have used Functional Grammars for generation. Usually the grammar formalism is more suited to parsing than to generation. The way a grammar is processed for parsing is rather clear, while the generating process needs strong assumptions on the interpreter to...

The composition graph of a family of n+1 disjoint graphs {Hi : 0 ≤ i ≤ n} is the graph H obtained by substituting the n vertices of H0 respectively by the graphs H1, H2, ..., Hn. If H has some hereditary property P , then necessarily all its factors enjoy the same property. For some sort of graphs it is sufficient that all factors {Hi : 0 ≤ i ≤ n} have a certain common P to endow H with this P ...