This study was conducted in district Gilgit during 2007. Forty-nine cherry producers, twenty-five wholesalers and thirty retailers were interviewed. The study was focused to identify the agencies involved and the channels used in the marketing of cherry and also to calculate the gross marketing margins and price spread of all the intermediaries involved in various marketing channels. Four marke...

Cocoyam is highly seasonal and perishable. An efficient wholesale marketing system makes its consumption, round the year possible, reduces postharvest losses for greater margin. This study examined determinants of margin efficiency cocoyam in Southeast, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to examine socio-economic characteristics marketers, estimate factors wholesalers affecting their net Mul...

The media landscape has dramatically changed over the past decade, with traditional media (e.g., newspapers, television) now supplemented by social media (e.g., blogs, discussion forums). This new media landscape is not well understood with respect to (i) the joint impacts of traditional and social media on marketing performance (e.g., sales), (ii) how these media types influence each other, an...

Executive Summary The lack of market information represents a significant impediment to market access especially for smallholder poor farmers: it substantially increases transaction costs and reduces market efficiency. For any one crop, the marketing chain consists of multiple middlemen, each taking a margin at every stage of the chain, and price variations in space and time are often large and...

The importance of optimal marketing communications mix decisions is well-recognized by both marketing scholars and practitioners. A significant volume of work has addressed the problem of dynamic marketing mix optimization assuming constant effectiveness of marketing instruments. However, the effectiveness of marketing communications varies over time for a variety of reasons. Moreover, due to f...

Tidore Islands City Most of its residents earn income from cinnamon farming. Cinnamon trees are peeled and the process drying is carried out to dry. sold in stick form involves marketing institutions. bark used as a spice ingredient such food mixes, cake making, drinks, medicines aroma therapy. The purpose this study identify channels area, analyze amount costs margins each channel. research wa...