Because of its importance in directing evolutionary trajectories, there has been considerable interest in comparing variation among genetic variance-covariance (G) matrices. Numerous statistical approaches have been suggested but no general analysis of the relationship among these methods has previously been published. In this study, we used data from a half-sib experiment and simulations to ex...

Multidimensional Scaling analysis (MDS) and Multivariate of variance (MANOVA) are among the commonly used multivariate statistical methods. While MANOVA is to evaluate whether there statistically significant differences between mean vectors experimental groups in terms more than one independent variable; MDS both for dimension reduction classify individuals/variables according their differences...

The behavioral effects of trans-(+/-)-1-amino-1, 3-cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid (t-ACPD), a metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) agonist, or 0.9% (w/v) saline, injected into the dorsal periaqueductal gray (DPAG), was investigated. Male Wistar rats showed defense reactions characterized by jumps toward the top edges of the cages (saline = 0 vs t-ACPD = 6.0, medians P<0.05) and gallops (salin...

The aim of this investigation was to determine, compare and evaluate three different computerized tracing programs, where the lateral cephalograms were digitized on the screen. 39 randomly selected cephalometric radiographs were used in the present study. Three programs Planmeca Romexis® (Romexis 3.2.0., Helsinki, Finland), Orthalis (France) and AxCeph (A.C 2.3.0.74, Ljubljana, Slovenia) were e...

Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) is a widely used technique for simultaneously comparing means for multiple dependent variables across two or more groups. MANOVA rests on several assumptions, including that of multivariate normality. Much prior research has investigated the performance of standard MANOVA with continuous, nonnormally distributed variables. However, very little work has...

The argument for preceding multiple analysis of variance (ANOVAS) with a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) to control for Type I error is challenged. Several situations are discussed in which multiple ANOVAS might be conducted without the necessity of a preliminary MANOVA. Three reasons for considering a multivariate analysis are discussed: to identify outcome variable system construct...

Objective: To describe the dynamic self-determination of self-care (DSDoSC) and positive deviance (PD) models in changing stunting prevention behavior. Material Methods: This research is a quasi-experimental study with sample 90 mothers taken by purposive sampling. Thirty were given DSDoSC intervention, 30 PD another control group. was conducted July - October 2019. The variables studied feedin...

BACKGROUND Debonding is one of the frequent causes of failure experienced in fiber-reinforced composite posts, and establish along post space-dentin adhesive interface. The purpose of this study was to assess push-out bond strength of a fiber-reinforced post system using four different resin cements. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this in-vitro study 40 mandibular premolars were decoronated, and ro...

This article teaches the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) method for repeated measures analysis to researchers who are already familiar with regular analysis of variance (ANOVA) methods. Repeated measures designs are traditionally analyzed with mixed-model ANOVAS. However, sphericity violations markedly affect the true Type I error rates and power for the mixed-model tests. However, t...