With the end of the Supermarket Revolution in the 1970s, new forms of horizontal, vertical, and geographic competition have appeared to chaflenge the supremacy of the supermarket format. New retail formats like warehouse stores, supercenters, and fast-food outlets appear to affect local retail supermarket prices. Slotting allowances, coupons, and electronic data gathering have intensified retai...

We raise the problem of the minorities' survival in the presence of positive network externalities. We rely on the example of thematic clubs to illustrate why and in which circumstances such survival problems might appear, …rst considering the case of simple network externalities and then the case of cross network externalities. Sonnac and Skerdilajda Zanaj for their comments and suggestions.

We consider whether Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries are mainly poor because they are governed worse than other countries, as suggested by recent studies on the supremacy of institutions. Our empirical results show that the supremacy of institutions does not hold. SSA countries appear to face specific development problems in addition to weak institutions. Given their geographic and economic ...

currently exists and offers an agenda for further discussion of this problem and its solution. In the United States, termination of pregnancy is an explosive subject. Many books and articles have analyzed the major changes in our abortion laws. There has, however, been much less written about the development of English law. This book by Dr. Keown studies abortion law in England during the exten...

All children have the right to education without discrimination, but half of refugee are out school, far worse than global averages. Obstacles for and migrant include poverty overstretched resources in host countries, humanitarian donors agencies important roles should ensure education. However, policy barriers key drivers crisis facing displaced children. These internationally unlawful, affect...

As the global financial crisis dethrones the developed world from its economic supremacy, by leading the global economic recovery and growth, the global growth generator (3G) countries are expected to fill the vacuum. Capital market i.e. stock market development can play a crucial role in augmenting such growth in these 3G countries. This study aims at augmenting the determinants of stock marke...