The concept of affordance is popular in the HCI community but not well understood. Donald Norman appropriated the concept of affordances from James J. Gibson for the design of common objects and both implicitly and explicitly adjusted the meaning given by Gibson. There was, however, ambiguity in Norman’s original definition and use of affordances which he has subsequently made efforts to clarif...

ion Often a designer will begin bottom-up, making highly specific decisions in order to quickly develop an “object to think with”. Later in the design process, the designer will re-examine these specific decisions, and develop a higher-

This paper describes fundamental principles for two dimensional pattern design of folded robots, specifically mobile robots consisting of closed-loop kinematic linkage mechanisms. Three fundamental methods for designing closed-chain folded four-bar linkages – the basic building block of these devices – are introduced. Modular connection strategies are also introduced as a method to overcome the...

This paper reports the results of an in-depth study of Bluetooth naming practices which took place in the UK in August 2006. There is a significant culture of giving Bluetooth names to mobile phones in the UK, and this paper’s main contribution is to provide an account of those Bluetooth naming practices, putting them in their social, physical and intentional context. The paper also uncovers ho...

this paper explores the importance of oil sector in providing input for economic sectors and also its changes during the last decades in iran. to that end, the partial and total forward linkage between oil sector and other domestic production sectors as well as their changes are examined using the input-output tables of the years 1986 and 2001. and also based on the information on hand, perform...

The Holy Shrine of Imam RezaAS is one of the most important places in Iran in terms of religious and public beliefs. Huge volumes of pilgrims travel to the mentioned place, so the appropriated environmental and furniture design to increase the visitors' satisfaction is inevitable. In this regards, the main objective of this study is to identify an appropriated design for public water taps throu...

This paper reports the results of an in-depth study of Bluetooth naming practices which took place in the UK in August 2006. There is a significant culture of giving Bluetooth names to mobile phones in the UK, and this paper’s main contribution is to provide an account of those Bluetooth naming practices, putting them in their social, physical and intentional context. The paper also uncovers ho...

Inbred lines are an important tool of genetic studies of all traits, including behavior. Independently derived strains of ornamental "designer" guppies are readily available and predicted to be inbred; however, little is known about actual levels of inbreeding in any of these strains or whether these lines differ in genetic traits that have not been under strong directional artificial selection...