East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) precipitation received by northern China over the past 800 thousand years (ky) is characterized by dominant 100-ky periodicity, mainly attributed to CO2 and Northern Hemisphere insolation-driven ice sheet forcing. We established an EASM record in the Late Miocene from lacustrine sediments in the Qaidam Basin, northern China, which appears to exhibit a dominant 1...

Turbulent fluxes of carbonyl sulfide (COS) and carbon disulfide (CS2) were measured over a spruce forest in Central Germany using the relaxed eddy accumulation (REA) technique. A REA sampler was developed and validated using simultaneous measurements of CO2 fluxes by REA and by eddy correlation. REA measurements were conducted during six campaigns covering spring, summer, and fall between 1997 ...

Clean energy sources and global warming are among the major challenges of the 21st century. One of the possible actions toward finding alternative energy sources and reducing global warming are storage of H2 and CH4, and capture of CO2 by using highly efficient and low-cost adsorbents. Graphene and graphene-based materials attracted a great attention around the world because of their potential ...

Development of regional policies to reduce net emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) would benefit from the quantification of the major components of the region's carbon balance--fossil fuel CO2 emissions and net fluxes between land ecosystems and the atmosphere. Through spatially detailed inventories of fossil fuel CO2 emissions and a terrestrial biogeochemistry model, we produce the first estimat...

Broad bean (Vicia faba cv. Lincan II) were grown in pots at two CO2 concentrations (350 and 700 parts per million by volume (ppmv)) and three soil water levels (80, 60 and 40% field water capacity) in field open-top chambers (OTCf). Water deficit reduced plant shoot dry weight, bean yield, and water use efficiency (WUE) by over 40, 30, and 15%, respectively, with higher relative reduction under...

To gain insight into the transport behavior of gas molecules such as CO2versus N2 through ionic liquid membranes, we performed molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the structure and dynamics of CO2 and N2 gases in a tetracyanoborate based ionic liquid recently shown to exhibit high CO2/N2 permselectivity. We found that upon addition of CO2 or N2 the liquid structure does not change. CO...

The role of micropore size and N-doping in CO2 capture by microporous carbons has been investigated by analyzing the CO2 adsorption properties of two types of activated carbons with analogous textural properties: (a) N-free carbon microspheres and (b) N-doped carbon microspheres. Both materials exhibit a porosity made up exclusively of micropores ranging in size between <0.6 nm in the case of t...

SCIAMACHY CO2 measurements show a large variability in total column CO2 over the Sahara desert of up to 10%, which is not anticipated from in situ measurements and cannot be explained by results of atmospheric models. Comparisons with colocated aerosol measurements by TOMS and MISR over the Sahara indicate that the seasonal variation of SCIAMACHY-observed CO2 strongly resembles seasonal variati...

The transition from vegetative to reproductive development in the temperate cereals is mainly regulated by seasonal cues including vernalization (determined mainly by VRN1 and VRN2 genes) and photoperiod (determined mainly by PPD1 and CO2 genes). The wheat VRN3 gene, which is similar to Arabidopsis FT, plays a central role in the integration of the competing signals from these two pathways. Und...

Rates of cellular uptake of CO2 and HCO3 during steady-state photosynthesis were measured in the marine diatoms Thalassiosira weissflogii and Phaeodactylum tricornutum, acclimated to CO2 partial pressures of 36, 180, 360, and 1,800 ppmv. In addition, in vivo activity of extracellular (eCA) and intracellular (iCA) carbonic anhydrase was determined in relation to CO2 availability. Both species re...