The terms “Pink Puffers” and “Blue Bloaters” have been around for many years. They are used in a colloquial sense by speleologists to describe how cavers react to an elevated concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) and reduced oxygen (O2) in a cave’s “foul air” atmosphere. Foul air is only found in a small number of Australian caves and is defined as having a noticeable abnormal physiological eff...

To study on the characteristics of the vibration signals of coal and stone hitting the armor plate during caving, a hybrid algorithm based on first order forward difference and wavelet transform modulusmaxima method is presented which can be used in the longwall top coal face. First, in order to reduce the noise interference, the pre-processing of the vibration signals is done by the first orde...

Two experiments investigated the relation between individual differences in working memory capacity and differences in the efficiency of syntactic processing. In one experiment, readers comprehended sentences containing main-verb/reduced-relative ambiguities that all resolved to the reduced-relative interpretation. High-span (but not low-span) readers processed sentences more slowly when the se...