BACKGROUND Current models of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) propose abnormalities of cortico-striatal circuits that involve the orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, thalamus and the striatum. Nevertheless, during the last years, results of morphometric studies were contradictory. Since fully automated whole-brain voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) ...

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by lesions in the white matter (WM) of the central nervous system. Magnetic resonance imaging is the most specific and sensitive method for diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. However, the ability of conventional MRI to show histopathologic heterogeneity of MS lesions is insufficient. Quantitative magnetization transfer imaging (qMTI) is a rel...

Human prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders caused by misfolding of the prion protein. There are no useful biomarkers of disease progression. Cerebral cortex spongiform change, one of the classical pathological features of prion disease, resolves in prion-infected transgenic mice following prion protein gene knockout. We investigated the cross-sectional, longitudinal and post-mor...

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies in schizophrenia demonstrate lower anisotropic diffusion within white matter due either to loss of coherence of white matter fiber tracts, to changes in the number and/or density of interconnecting fiber tracts, or to changes in myelination, although methodology as well as localization of such changes differ between studies. The aim of this study is to loc...

BACKGROUND Magnetization transfer imaging has the potential to provide a surrogate marker for progression in primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS). OBJECTIVES To investigate whether brain magnetization transfer imaging, T2 lesion load, and atrophy changes over 3 years reflect concurrent clinical changes, and which baseline imaging measure best predicts progression over 3 years in earl...

We report a patient with biopsy-proven progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) who was serially imaged with MRI and magnetization transfer imaging. The magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) was profoundly and significantly diminished when compared with normal control subjects. The pattern of MTR was distinct from that of MS and periventricular ischemic white matter disease. Magnetization ...

Sediments continuously record variations of the Earth's magnetic field and thus provide an important archive for studying the geodynamo. The recording process occurs as magnetic grains partially align with the geomagnetic field during and after sediment deposition, generating a depositional remanent magnetization (DRM) or post-DRM (PDRM). (P)DRM acquisition mechanisms have been investigated for...

The work in this thesis applies magnetization transfer imaging (MTI) and conventional MRI measures (brain volume, T2 lesion load and enhancing lesions) to investigate the mechanisms underlying progression in primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS), and identifies MR markers to predict and monitor progression. First, we demonstrated that MTI was sensitive to change in the normal appearing ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Gait disturbances in the elderly are disabling and a major public health issue but are poorly understood. In this multimodal MR imaging study, we used 2 voxel-based analysis methods to assess the voxelwise relationship of magnetization transfer ratio and white matter hyperintensity location with gait velocity in older adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS We assessed 230 commun...