where T is temperature, S is entropy and J.1oaM2/2 is the self-coupling energy. The dimensionless term a. has been defined previously [2] and represents the strength of the coupling of the individual magnetic moments to the magnetization M. The effective magnetic field causes a change in magnetization, and therefore is determined by the derivative of this energy with respect to magnetization M....

Magnetic field processing is a new promising tool for the structural and functional control of materials. A significant potential exists for tailoring microstructures and impacting kinetics of phase transformation in steels. A high magnetic field modifies the Gibbs free energy. As a result, the phase diagram is shifted upwards so that the Ac1 and Ac3 temperatures increase as the magnetic field ...

This data analysis was undertaken to investigate the weatherability of steels whose compositions do not fall in the range of ASTM Standard G101, Estimating the Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance of Low-Alloy Steels (1). This standard was developed to estimate the corrosion resistance of low-alloy weathering steels from chemical composition data and from actual atmospheric exposure tests. This sta...

In this study, the hardness and wear behaviour of carburized and boronized AISI 8620 steels have been studied. The boronizing treatment increased the hardness of AISI 8620 steels from 395 HV0.1 to a maximal 1610 HV0.1 compared to the carburized steels and also significantly improved its wear behaviour. From obtained results, it can be concluded that boronizing is very effective surface hardenin...

The present work adresses the evaluation of modified 9Cr-1Mo steels magneic hystersis loop and magnetic Barkhsuen emission techniques for the samples subjected to high temperature ageing for different durations. The initially quenched and then tempered material revealed different magnetic behaiour with ageing. The relxation of stresses and reduction of high value of dislocations due to quenchin...

aisi 4340 steel is one of the super strong steels that can be selected for different applications. by designing theproper cycles of heat treatment, the optimum microstructure and properties of this steel can be achieved. in thisstudy, different heat treatment cycles were introduced to achieve the optimum microstructure and improve themechanical and magnetic properties of aisi 4340 steel. the re...

the unique properties of air-cooled bainitic steels have been described. a series of mn containing air-cooled bainitic steels invented by authors is presented in this paper: including low carbon granular bainitic steels, low carbon grain-boundary allotriomorphic ferrite/granular bainite duplex steels, medium and medium high carbon bainite/martensite duplex steel, and low carbon carbide free bai...

Accurate description of materials requires the most advanced atomic-scale techniques from both experimental and theoretical areas. In spite of the vast number of available techniques, however, the experimental study of the atomic-scale properties and phenomena even in simple solids is rather difficult. In steels the challenges become more complex due to the interplay between the structural, che...

This paper elaborates the sample preparation protocols required to obtain optimal domain patterns using the Bitter method, focusing on the extra steps compared to standard metallographic sample preparation procedures. The paper proposes a novel bespoke rig for dynamic domain imaging with in situ BH (magnetic hysteresis) measurements and elaborates the protocols for the sensor preparation and th...

Stainless steel has been frequently used for temporary implants but its use as permanent implants is restricted due to its low pitting corrosion resistance. Nitrogen additions to these steels improve both mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, particularly the pitting and crevice corrosion resistance. Many reports concerning allergic reactions caused by nickel led to the development of...