Active magnetic bearings (AMBs) have led to great progress in the field of rotating machinery due their many advantages, such as non-contact and non-lubrication properties. As key component an AMB actuator, switching power amplifier has important impact on performance machinery. In this paper, topologies amplifiers for AMBs are introduced. The traditional half-bridge topology two newly proposed...

Measurement of the values of forces in tractor arms is of great importance due to draft of agricultural equipment. These values can be used for testing and evaluation of the agricultural machinery, selection of suitable tractor, etc. The tools which are used for measurement of the forces are called dynamometer. The main objective of the present study was to design and evaluate a load cell for i...

Since the introduction of mathematical population genetics, its machinery has shaped our fundamental understanding of natural selection. Selection is taken to occur when differential fitnesses produce differential rates of reproductive success, where fitnesses are understood as parameters in a population genetics model. To understand selection is to understand what these parameter values measur...