Recently some results have been presented which show that certain kinds of deterministic descriptions and indeterministic descriptions are observationally equivalent (Werndl 2009a, Werndl 2011). These results prompt interesting philosophical questions, such as what exactly they show or whether the deterministic or indeterministic description is preferable. There is hardly any philosophical disc...

In this paper we introduce the concept of a behavior homomorphisms and isomorphisms and use it to present a uni.ed approach to the study of equivalence of di/erent behavior representations concentrating on a special representation we call normalized ARMA (NARMA) representation. c © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

According to a previous result by S. V. Avgustinovich and the author, each factorial language admits a unique canonical decomposition to a catenation of factorial languages. In this paper, we analyze the appearance of the canonical decomposition of a catenation of two factorial languages whose canonical decompositions are given.

We give a list of canonical equivalence relations on discrete nets of the positive unit sphere of c0. This generalizes results of W. T. Gowers [1] and A. D. Taylor [5].

Individual actions such as the purchase of a machine or the changing or a price are often discrete and infrequent. Macroeconomic models, however, often ignore this intermittent behavior. In this paper, we present conditions under which a representative agent model, which ignores discrete adjustment on the individual level, is observationally equivalent to a model that takes discrete adjustment ...

This article concerned on the study of signature submanifolds for curves under Lie group actions SE(2), SA(2) and for surfaces under SE(3). Signature submanifold is a regular submanifold which its coordinate components are differential invariants of an associated manifold under Lie group action, and therefore signature submanifold is a key for solving equivalence problems.

translator is also dealing with two different cultures at the same time. this particular aspect seems to have been taken into consideration by the second group of theorists who regard translation equivalence being essentially a transfer of the message from the sc to the tc and a pragmatic/ semantic or functionally oriented approach to translation . finally, there are other translation scholars ...

In this paper, we study the decomposition of semirings with a semilattice additive reduct. For, we introduce the notion of principal left $k$-radicals $Lambda(a)={x in S | a stackrel{l}{longrightarrow^{infty}} x}$ induced by the transitive closure $stackrel{l}{longrightarrow^{infty}}$ of the relation $stackrel{l}{longrightarrow}$ which induce the equivalence relation $lambda$. Again non-transit...

let $h$ be a hopf algebra and $a$ an $h$-bimodule algebra‎. ‎in this paper‎, ‎we investigate gorenstein global dimensions for hopf‎ ‎algebras and twisted smash product algebras $astar h$‎. ‎results from‎ ‎the literature are generalized‎.