BACKGROUND In patients with emphysema, invasive mechanical ventilation settings should be adjusted to minimize hyperinflation while reducing respiratory effort and providing adequate gas exchange. We evaluated the impact of pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV) and pressure support ventilation (PSV) on pulmonary and diaphragmatic damage, as well as cardiac function, in experimental emphysema. ...

Breath-hold divers employ glossopharyngeal insufflation (GI) in order to prevent the lungs from compressing at great depth and to increase intrapulmonary oxygen stores, thus increasing breath-hold time. The presented case study shows the physiological data and dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) findings of acute hyperinflation, deliberately induced by GI, in a breath-hold diver and discu...

Pulmonary hyperinflation is a major medical problem in patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or acute asthma. The apparent beneficial effects of pulmonary hyperinflation on lung mechanics, such as an increased airway patency and lung elastic recoil, are by far overwhelmed by the deleterious effects on the pressure generating capacity of the respiratory muscles. Mor...

OBJECTIVE To test the effect of heart disease and heart surgery on lung function. DESIGN A pulmonary function study of children undergoing surgery for atrial septal defect (ASD). SETTINGS University hospital. PATIENTS 26 children tested before surgery (at mean (SD) age 11.8 (3.8) years) and 24 patients tested 1.8 (0.2) years after surgical correction. METHODS Lung volumes, lung elastici...

The mechanisms and pathophysiological consequences of hyper inflation are complex and not fully elucidated [1). In the present issue of the journal, WHEATLEY et al. [2] and CoRMJER e1 al. [3) provide additional data contributing to our understanding of these aspects of hyperinflation in induced bronchoconsLriction. One of the mechanisms of hyperinflation may be changes in the static equilibrium...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether the shape of the airway pressure-time (Paw-t) curve during constant flow inflation corresponds to radiologic evidence of tidal recruitment or tidal hyperinflation in an experimental model of acute lung injury. DESIGN Prospective randomized laboratory animal investigation. SETTING Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Uppsala, Sweden. SUBJECTS Anest...

BACKGROUND Exercise intolerance is the hallmark of COPD. Static lung hyperinflation and increased dynamic hyperinflation during exercise are associated with reduced functional capacity in COPD patients. Inspiratory capacity correction for the total lung capacity, defined as inspiratory fraction (IF), may be functionally more representative than other traditional indices in these patients. OBJ...

BACKGROUND/AIM Peripheral muscle weakness and nutritional disorders, firstly loss of body weight, are common findings in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of this study was to analyse the impact of pulmonary function parameters, nutritional status and state of peripheral skeletal muscles on exercise tolerance and development of dyspnea in COPD patients. METHO...

• In stable COPD there is an ANS activity imbalance, with cardiac sympathetic predominance. It related to airflow obstruction severity, the onset of pulmonary hyperinflation, and emphysematous disease’s prevalence. A relationship between autonomic dysfunction systemic inflammation has been observed. Autonomic low-grade are associated resting tidal expiratory flow limitation. The study aimed inv...

Congenital lobar emphysema used to be treated surgically. Congenital lobar hyperinflation is the currently recommended term, as it involves pathologically healthy lung tissue, which is why conservative management may be an option. Four cases of diagnosed congenital lobar hyperinflation are presented in which conservative treatment was chosen due to their clinical stability. Their outcome has be...