For general metric theories of gravity, we compare the approach that describes/derives the field equations of gravity as a thermodynamic identity with the one which looks at them from entropy bounds. The comparison is made through the consideration of the matter entropy flux across (Rindler) horizons, studied by making use of the notion of a limiting thermodynamic scale l∗ of matter, previously...

We re-examine optimal monetary policy when lump-sum taxes are unavailable. Under commitment, we show that, with alternative utility functions to that considered in Nicolini’s related analysis, the direction of the incentive to cheat may depend on the initial level of government debt, with low debt creating an incentive towards surprise deflation, but high debt the reverse. Under discretion, we ...

Lump-sum severance pay from which shirkers can be excluded raises employment in an efficiency wage economy. However, severance payments are usually related to wages. It is shown that earnings-related, mandated severance pay will have ambiguous employment effects if effort can be varied continuously. A substitution of the earnings-related for the lump-sum component reduces employment. Thus, the ...

Using numerical integration in the formulation of the finite-element geometric stiffness matrix and placing movable nodes at integration points causes the geometric stiffness matrix to become lumped or diagonal. The consistent geometric stiffness matrix which is a non-diagonal matrix, is normally used in the finite-element eigenvalue buckling problem. Altering the method to deliver a diagonal (...

Analysis and design techniques for designing a lumped-element 3-dB quadrature coupler with wide-band flat coupling are proposed for microwave integrated-circuit/monolithic-microwave integrated-circuit applications. The proposed design technique can produce a coupler with flat coupling over 50% fractional bandwidth, which is wider than the conventional lumped-element design methods. A prototype ...

This paper brings into focus a link between the investment and nancing decisions of a rm which has an access to costly debt nancing. Our analysis shows that lump-sum debt issuance costs play a prominent role in a determination of the optimal investment strategy. Faced with larger lump-sum debt issuance costs, a rm will optimally set up a higher-scale investment project in order to "compensate" ...

The representation of electromagnetic structures by lumped element circuits is revisited. Network models can be established by a subsequent application of system identification and circuit synthesis methods to data obtained by numerical simulation or from measurement. Network models provide a compact description of electromagnetic structures and can contribute significantly to the formulation o...

Introduction: With the increasing variety of commercial wireless applications, there is now a requirement to incorporate several transceivers into a single hardware device [1]. To achieve high integration and minimise costs, it is an advantage to design transceivers that can be reconfigured for different frequency bands or share common blocks, rather than implementing the transceivers separatel...

A 5-pole lumped element bandpass filter (BPF) of center frequency 264.05 MHz and fractional bandwidth (FBW) 0.76% is designed and fabricated using YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-d (YBCO) thin films deposited on both sides of a MgO substrate(40 mm × 40 mm × 0.5 mm). The return loss, minimum insertion loss and ripple were measured to be 20.0 dB, less than 0.1 dB and less than 0.1 dB at 70 K, respectively. These ...