The concentrations of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) were measured in samples of lumbar and cervical spinal cords from 6 cats with chronic (over 2 months) lesions of the thoracic spinal cord and from 7 unoperated cats. Lesions confined to the dorsal thoracic spinal cord significantly lowered lumbar concentrations of NE, but not 5-HT, compared with control lumb...

In the present study, we examined change of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1) in the adult and aged gerbil spinal cords. Significant change of morphological feature and neuronal cell loss were not observed in both adult and aged spinal cords of gerbil after NeuN immunohistochemistry and Fluoro-Jade B histofluoresce staining. Iba-1-immunoreactive microglia broadly distributed in...

Stimulation of different spinal cord segments in humans is a widely developed clinical practice for modification of pain, altered sensation, and movement. The human lumbar cord has become a target for modification of motor control by epidural and, more recently, by transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation. Posterior columns of the lumbar spinal cord represent a vertical system of axons and when a...

ANATOMY The spinal cord tapers to its end, the conus medullaris, usually at the lower edge of the first lumbar vertebra. The continuation of the spinal cord is a strand of connective tissue, the filum terminale. The ventral and dorsal lumbar and sacral nerve roots that arise from the conus medullaris form a bundle, the cauda equina (Figure 1). These lumbar and sacral spinal nerve roots separate...

The regional distribution of spinal cord networks producing locomotor-like, as well as non-locomotor-like, activity was studied with the use of an in vitro neonatal rat preparation. Rhythmic activity was induced by bath application of either serotonin (5-HT), acetylcholine (ACh), N-methyl-D,L-aspartate (NMA), or combined 5-HT/NMA, and was monitored via hindlimb flexor (peroneal) and extensor (t...

To characterize spinal cord effects of needle placement using lumbar puncture myelography technique, lumbar puncture was performed in 5 dogs and computed tomography images of the spinal column were acquired in the transverse plane at the level of the puncture site after contrast injection and both before and after needle removal. The spinal cords were punctured during needle placement and paren...

STUDY DESIGN Retrospective study. PURPOSE The aim of the present study is to analyze the prevalence and distribution of cervical and thoracic compressive lesions of the spinal cord in lumbar degenerative disease, using whole-spine postmyelographic computed tomography. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE Of the various complications resulting from spinal surgery, unexpected neurological deterioration is ...

We describe a seminal case report of a child with a tethered cord syndrome secondary to the unusual constellation of a split cord malformation, lumbar myelomeningocele, and coexisting neurenteric cyst. A 17-year-old adolescent girl with a several-month history of myelopathy and urinary incontinence was examined whose spinal MRI scan demonstrated a type II split cord malformation with a large bo...

In this study, the neuroanatomy of the swine lumbar spinal cord, particularly the spatial orientation of dorsal roots was correlated to the anatomical landmarks of the lumbar spine and to the magnitude of motor evoked potentials during epidural electrical stimulation (EES). We found that the proximity of the stimulating electrode to the dorsal roots entry zone across spinal segments was a criti...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Recent literature indicates that cervical and upper-thoracic spinal cord motion adversely affect both structural and functional MR imaging (fMRI; particularly diffusion tensor imaging [DTI] and spinal fMRI), ultimately reducing the reliability of these methods for both research and clinical applications. In the present study, we investigated motion of the lower-thoracic, ...