BACKGROUND The objective of the study is to compare complication rates of laparoscopic nephrectomy and open nephrectomy using a standardized classification method. METHODS We retrospectively included 843 patients from March 2006 to November 2012, of whom 88 had laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (LRN), 526 had open radical nephrectomy (ORN), 42 had laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN), and 18...

BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness and safety of lower pole (LP) approach in retroperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (LRN). METHODS One hundred thirty-two renal cancer patients were scheduled for selective retroperitoneal LRN. The surgery parameters and outcomes were compared. Out of 132 patients, 78 (59.1%) patients underwent LRN via LP approach,...

In this study, modeling of a fuel jet which has been injected by high pressure into a low-pressure tank are investigated. Due to the initial conditions and the geometry of this case and similar cases (like CNG injectors in internal combustion engines (ICE)), the barrel shocks and Mach disk are observed. Hence a turbulence and transient flow will be expected with lots of shocks and waves. Accord...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate LRN as treatment for high risk patients. Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (LRN) is performed for renal tumors not amenable to nephron-sparing treatments. Indications are increasing to include higher risk patients including those with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) necessitating dialysis. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of a patient cohort with clinical sta...

Cerebellar control of movements is dependent on mossy fiber input conveying information about sensory and premotor activity in the spinal cord. While much is known about spino-cerebellar systems, which provide the cerebellum with detailed sensory information, much less is known about systems conveying motor information. Individual motoneurones do not have projections to spino-cerebellar neurons...

Purpose: A laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (LRN) has emerged as the standard care in appropriate candidates with stage T1 renal tumors (7cm or less). We extended our experience of LRN to stage T2 renal tumors (greater than 7cm), and compared the results with those of LRN for stage T1 renal tumors, as well as with those of an open radical nephrectomy (ORN) for stage T2 renal tumors. Materials a...

in this paper, the accuracy of k- and k- turbulence models in super sonic boundary layer capturing of smooth/rough flat plates have been comprehensively investigated. among these investigations, some sorts of sensitivity analysis, including change in turbulence model, generated-grid density, near wall affects, c magnitude (for boundary layers generated on smooth flat plates), and change in c...

Roughness elements or turbulence promoters have been widely used to enhance heat transfer in cooling passages of modern gas turbine blades. Although such ribs substantially enhance heat transfer, the heat transfer coefficient is reduced immediately at corner downstream of each rib, creating hot spots. To remove such hot spots some of the ribs can be detached from the channel walls. In this pape...

The IMS-LD specification allow the transcription of almost any pedagogical model in a "Unit of Learning" (UoL), which is a package where contents and methodology are combined together in order to be deployed in a compliant software. Making use of GRAIL as the supporting tool inside the .LRN Learning Management System, this paper presents two real experiences of use where IMS-LD has been used to...

The drops are used to control the descents,  stabilize the bed level, and control the upstream water level in sloping channels with less slope than the ground slope. The current study presents a numerical analysis of hydraulic characteristics in the vertical drop using computational fluid dynamics. At first, the laboratory models were used for verification and choosing the best model of turbule...