THE ARTICLE BY HOWARD AND COLLEAGUES 1 IN THIS issue of JAMA, which reports on the largest, most ambitious randomized dietary intervention trial conducted to date, has concluded that a low-fat diet program does not produce weight gain. Despite the impressive features of this landmark study, the findings on longterm weight change are somewhat underwhelming. The Women’s Health Initiative (WHI), o...

The article authored by Swinburn, Metcalf, and Ley and published in this issue of Diabetes Care (1) adds a new perspective to the growing body of evidence that lifestyle interventions can result in improved glucose tolerance among individuals at high risk for developing type 2 diabetes (2). The study provides evidence that long-term compliance with a reduced-fat ad libitum diet may result in su...

Baseline serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations play a role in the lipid response to diet. This study was a randomized, cross-over, controlled feeding study with 3 phases of 25 d each aimed at determining whether baseline CRP concentrations modulate the serum lipid response to diets differing in fat type and quantity. Participants were adult men and women, age 19-65 y, with LDL-cholester...

High fat, low carbohydrate diets have become popular, as short-term studies show that such diets are effective for reducing body weight, and lowering the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. There is growing evidence from both humans and other animals that diet affects behaviour and intake of fat has been linked, positively and negatively, with traits such as exploration, social interac...

Lipid and lipoprotein responses to reduced dietary fat intake were investigated in relation to differences in distribution of low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) subclasses among 105 healthy men consuming high-fat (46% fat) and low-fat (24% fat) diets in random order for 6 wk each. With high-fat diets, 87 subjects had predominantly large, buoyant LDL (pattern A), whereas the remainder had primarily s...

The variation in colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence worldwide strongly suggests a role for dietary influences. Based on epidemiological data, protective effects of vegetables and fruit intake on CRC are widely claimed, while other data indicate a possible increased CRC risk from (higher) dietary fat intake. Therefore, we have investigated single and interactive effects of dietary fat and a veget...

BACKGROUND It is speculated that high saturated fat very low carbohydrate diets (VLCARB) have adverse effects on cardiovascular risk but evidence for this in controlled studies is lacking. The objective of this study was to compare, under isocaloric conditions, the effects of a VLCARB to 2 low saturated fat high carbohydrate diets on body composition and cardiovascular risk. METHODS Eighty th...

BACKGROUND: Does dietary fat play a central role in weight gain and development of obesity? Do low-fat diets have adverse effects on blood lipids? OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: To answer these questions we have reviewed the evidence linking the dietary fat content to energy balance and obesity, and examined the efficacy and safety of ad libitum low fat, high carbohydrate=protein diets in the prevention...

In this study, goldfish demonstrate preference for high carbohydrate and high fat diets, with no preference shown for high protein diets. Fish fed high (45% and 55%) carbohydrate (CHO) diets for 1 and 4 weeks exhibited decreased NPY gene expression in telencephalon-preoptic area (TEL-POA) and optic tectum-thalamus (OT-THAL) compared to fish fed low CHO (35% and 40%) diets. In hypothalamus (HYP)...