After the 2008 economic slowdown, and with increasing assault from enterprises from emerging economies, many innovative strategic leaders of multinational enterprises are forced to radically transform their enterprises. They often choose to change from low-cost strategy to innovation-driven product differentiation strategy. In this study, we use a multi-level Grounded Theory Methodology (GTM) a...

Changes in credit risk may arise when either the value or the risk of corporate assets changes. Changes in the equity value associated with the changes in the asset value and changes in asset risk can be characterized into potentially countervailing direct and indirect effects. The indirect effect of risk on equity value is a function of factors that affect the debt value of including leverage,...

the adsorption ability of miswak (salvadora persica l.) waste was investigated for the removalof common heavy metals; pb(ii), cu(ii), ni(ii) and cd(ii), from aqueous systems. the miswak mainlyconsists of saponins, tannins, silica and resin, which are accounted for the removal of heavy metal ions fromaqueous systems. the effects of various parameters, such as solution ph, contact time, initial c...

This paper studies heuristics for the bandwidth reduction of large-scale matrices in serial computations. Bandwidth optimization is a demanding subject large number scientific and engineering applications. A heuristic labels rows columns given sparse matrix. The algorithm arranges entries with nonzero coefficient as close to main diagonal possible. modifies an ant colony hyper-heuristic approac...

bus systems are unstable without considering any control. thus, we are able to consider some control strategies to alleviate this problem. a holding control strategy is one commonly used real-time control strategy that can improve service quality. this paper develops a mathematical model for a holding control strategy. the objective of this model is to minimize the total cost related to passeng...

This paper presents a formulation of unit commitment for thermal units integrated with wind and solar energy systems and electrical vehicles with emphasizing on Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP). The renewable energy resources are included in this model due to their low electricity cost and positive effect on environment. As well as, coordinated charging strategy of electrical vehicle...

Nowadays the position of the renewable energy is so important because of the environment pollution and the limitation of fossil fuels in the world. Energy can be generated more and more by the renewable sources, but the fossil fuels are non-renewable. One of the most important renewable sources is the wind energy. The wind energy is an appropriate alternative source of fossil fuel. The replacem...