the study sought to determine whether pastoralists have resorted to sale of livestock as a form of insurance against commercialization of cattle rustling in which well structured and managed cartels have organised more intense and frequent cattle raids on pastoralist, and how their decisions have affected their herd size. the study was conducted among the pastoral baringo community of kenya. a ...

This research addresses distributed decisions for to enhance fairness and total profit among collaborative networked enterprises (CNEs). The arbitrary nature of demand and capacity patterns in manufacturing/service enterprises require to form a CNE with other enterprises to overcome such uncertainties. In any CNE, the collaboration process often leads to a dilemma: the need to choose between fa...

background road traffic injuries (rtis) impose a significant social and economic burden. objectives the objective of this study was to estimate the medical costs and economic burden caused by rti in iran methods the major components included in this study were medical costs, lost output, and indirect costs. cost components and their values in 2011 were obtained using previous data collected dur...

The practical experiences reveal that the inflation is non-deterministic and variable. Therefore, a mathematical model for the optimal production for an inventory control system of deteriorating items is formulated under time-varying and stochastic inflation environment. The demand rate is a function of inflation and the time horizon is finite. In the real situation, some but not all customers ...

Abstract In this paper, an inventory problem where the cycle must be integer multiple of a known basic period is considered. Furthermore, demand rate in each power time-dependent function. Shortages are allowed but, taking necessities or interests customers into account, only fixed proportion during stock-out satisfied with arrival next replenishment. The costs related to management system orde...