Any account of computation in a physical system, whether an artificial computing device or a natural system considered from a computational point of view, invokes some notion of the relationship between the abstract-logical and concrete-physical aspects of computation. In a recent paper, James Ladyman explored this relationship using a ‘‘hybrid physical–logical entity’’ – the L-machine – and th...

Abstract Hans Reichenbach’s position in the debate over scientific realism is remarkable. On one hand, he endorsed programmatic premises of logical empiricism; on other, explicitly employed a realist approach to conceptions such as reference, causality, and inference best explanation. How could that work out? It will be shown present paper view not, frequently assumed, opposed empiricism but ra...

In his article, "Analyzing East/West Power Politics in Comparative Cultural Studies," William H. Thornton acknowledges culture as a central force on the geopolitical map and undertakes at once to preserve the strategic potency of political realism and to move beyond the "billiard ball" externality of both neoand traditional realisms. Although Huntington and Fukuyama are taken seriously on the q...

and Applied Analysis 3 Table 1: Dynamic behaviors of historical Lorentz system for different signs of parameters.

The main realism/anti-realism issue in the philosophy of science is the issue of scientific realism, concerned with the unobservable entities of science. However, there is also a more general issue, often known as “realism about the external world,” concerned primarily with the observable entities of common sense, but which spreads to scientific entities, both observable and unobservable. The i...

The paper presents an original version of the moral naturalism — a theory that combines realism and naturalistic empiricism. In first section, I give initial definitions basic concepts for our study (such as realism, epistemological metaphysical naturalism, supervenience) clarify their meaning. second present main motivation this those grounds on which we should try to defend both naturalism. t...