A distributed system consists of, possibly heterogeneous, computing nodes connected by a communication network. Such a system can be used eeectively only if the software presents a single system image of this physically distributed system to its users. Thus all resources of any node should be easily and transparently accessible from any other node. One of the most important of such resources is...

OBJECTIVE The vertebral body is the major load bearing part of the vertebra and consists of a central trabecular core surrounded by a thin cortical shell. The aim of this in vitro biomechanical study is to determine the debated issue of load sharing in a vertebral body. METHODS A series of non-destructive compressive testing on excised human thoracic vertebral bodies were performed. The testi...

SCTP is a general purpose transport protocol featuring multihoming support and flexible, message oriented data delivery services. With respect to multi-homing, the SCTP standard uses this feature for network level redundancy only and, thus, does not provide load sharing capabilities among the redundant links. In order to satisfy the strict performance requirements for signaling transport, effic...

We present an analysis of the costs and benefits of load sharing of parallel jobs in the computational grid. We begin with a workload generation model that captures the essential properties of parallel jobs and use it as input to a grid simulation model. Our experiments are performed for both homogeneous and heterogeneous grids. We measured average job slowdown with respect to both local and re...

A nested set of bacterial endosymbionts within mealybug cells collectively provides amino acids to their host, but their genomes show that some pathways are distributed between both endosymbionts, while other essential proteins are missing altogether. The possibility that additional functions are shared between partners warrants comparisons with organelles.

Load-sharing systems have several practical applications. In load-sharing systems, the event of a component failure will result in a higher load, therefore inducing a higher failure rate, in each of the surviving components. This introduces failure dependency among the load-sharing components, which in turn increases the complexity in analyzing these systems. In this paper, we provide a closed-...

Generator sets cannot operate in a stable fashion in parallel with other sources unless the loading on the generator set is controlled. When generator sets are operating together on an isolated bus (that is, not grid-paralleled), they are commonly provided with equipment to allow each machine to operate at the same percentage of load as the percentage of load on the total system. This is termed...