It has become commonplace in the current crisis to refer to the Federal Reserve as the economy’s lender of last resort (LLR). Typical is the observation of Glenn Hubbard, Hal Scott, and John Thornton (2009) that “Over many decades and especially in this financial crisis, the Fed has used its balance sheet to be a classical lender of last resort.” With all due respect to these authors and numero...

Small looped mispairs are corrected by DNA mismatch repair (MMR). In addition, a distinct process called large loop repair (LLR) corrects loops up to several hundred nucleotides in extracts of bacteria, yeast or human cells. Although LLR activity can be readily demonstrated, there has been little progress in identifying its protein components. This study identified some of the yeast proteins re...

The beginnings of laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) were at the start of the 1990s, with the initial reports being published in 1991 and 1992. These were followed by reports of left lateral sectionectomy in 1996. In the years following, the procedures of LLR were expanded to hemi-hepatectomy, sectionectomy, segmentectomy and partial resection of posterosuperior segments, as well as the parench...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Supine computed tomography scanogram (CTS) is a commonly used alternative to weight bearing long leg plain radiograph (LLR) in measuring knee alignment. No published studies have validated its use in the native knee and the post-unicompartmental replacement knee (UKR). We quantified the difference in measurements obtained from CTS and LLR for knee alignment. PATIENTS AN...

Laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) represents one of the most recent evolutions in the field of surgical oncology. While offering to the patients all the short-term advantages of the laparoscopic approach, the ongoing experience underlines that the long-term outcomes are not negatively influenced through this minimally invasive method. We explored the surgical results in a case series of 5 high...

AIMS We examined the left lateral ridge (LLR) between the orifices of the left pulmonary veins and the left atrial appendage for a better understanding of its structural composition relevant to ablations for atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS AND RESULTS The LLR and its surrounding areas were studied in 40 heart specimens by dissection and histological sections. The LLR is a fold of the atrial...

There are two methods for estimating the bit error probability of a transmission system via Monte Carlo simulation, when the decoder outputs a-posteriori log-likelihood ratios (LLR). The first method, which is the conventional one, is based on the sign of the LLR, whereas the second method is based on the magnitude of the LLR. In this paper, the two methods are compared by means of their estima...

AIM To determine the sites of adaptation responsible for improved stance stability after balance (=sensorimotor) training, changes in corticospinal and spinal excitability were investigated in 23 healthy subjects. METHODS Neural adaptations were assessed by means of H-reflex stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and conditioning of the H-reflex by TMS (Hcond) before and after 4...

PURPOSE Laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) is now widely accepted and is being increasingly performed. The present study describes our experience with LLR at a single center over an eight-year period. METHODS This retrospective study enrolled 100 patients between October 2002 and February 2010. Forty-six benign lesions and 54 malignant lesions were included. The LLR performed included 58 pure...

Thenar reflexes following electrical stimulation of the median nerve (containing proprioceptive and cutaneous afferents) and the radial superficial nerve (cutaneous afferents only) were investigated in 23 patients with manifest Huntington's disease (HD) at an early stage, in 17 clinically healthy descendants of HD-patients and in 18 patients with choreatic hyperkinesia due to various aetiologie...