Black farmers in America have had a long and arduous struggle to own land and to operate independently. For more than a century after the Civil War, deficient civil rights and various economic and social barriers were applied to maintaining a system where many blacks worked as farm operators with a limited and often total lack of opportunity to achieve ownership and operating independence. Dimi...

The growing demand for high-value food commodities is opening up opportunities for farmers, especially smallholders to diversify towards commodities that have strong potential for higher returns to land, labour and capital. However, there is an apprehension about the capability of smallholder farmers to participate in the market-oriented production due to their lack of access to markets, capita...

Over the years since their meager beginnings, agribusiness cooperatives in the U.S. have compiled a checkered history of both praise and condemnation. Some observers have argued that cooperatives no longer communicate with, nor represent the best interests of their farmer members. Some critics suggest that cooperatives have stymied, or at least diffused, free market transactions in the agricult...

Black farmers in America have had a long and arduous struggle to own land and to operate independently. For more than a century after the Civil War, deficient civil rights and various economic and social barriers were applied to maintaining a system where many blacks worked as farm operators with a limited and often total lack of opportunity to achieve ownership and operating independence. Dimi...

The future of energy generation is expected to become increasingly decentralized. Today, many customers are already more than demand units, they also act as energy producers (prosumers) and thus active participants in the energy market. The development of energy cooperatives in recent years undermines this observation. Information and communication technologies (ICT) enable management of energy...

Fadil, M., Farah, A., Haloui, T., Rachiq, S. Diagnosis of the aromatic and medicinal plant sector in Morocco: Case of the cooperatives and associations of the Meknès-Tafilalt area. Lazaroa 35: 155-165 (2014). The cooperatives and associations in the medicinal and aromatic plant (MAP) sector are completely dependent on the pressure of market demand, and their products need to comply with require...

Inadequate and poor-quality feed resources are a key constraining factor in livestock production that compromises the livelihoods of many women men dependent on livestock, who can be found most low- middle-income countries (LMICs). Several forage varieties have been developed, which targeted to smallholder farmers developing countries, yet level adoption remains low, particularly among farmers....

The main objective of the study is investigating impact production risks on adoption improved technologies (such as seed, inorganic fertilizer and chemical inputs) level multiple in Ethiopia particularly Amhara region. used two years cross sectional data collected 2011 2013. applied stage regression analysis, first, I regressed function order to drive expected output risk factors (variance skew...

If consumers wholly or partially control a firm with market power they will charge less than the profit maximizing price. Starting at the usual monopoly price, a small price reduction will have a second order effect on profits but a first order effect on consumer surplus. Despite this desirable static result, it has been argued that cooperatives are vulnerable to take-over by outsiders who will...

BACKGROUND The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) launched the EvidenceNOW Initiative to rapidly disseminate and implement evidence-based cardiovascular disease (CVD) preventive care in smaller primary care practices. AHRQ funded eight grantees (seven regional Cooperatives and one independent national evaluation) to participate in EvidenceNOW. The national evaluation examines qua...