Early basic research showed that increases in required response effort (or force) produced effects that resembled those produced by punishment. A recent study by Alling and Poling determined some subtle differences between the two behavior-change strategies, but also confirmed that increasing required effort is an effective response-reduction procedure with enduring effects. In this paper we su...

aims: drug abuse among college students continues as a major public-health concern. theory-driven research is necessary to address and find causes. the current research investigates the utility of theory of planned behavior (tpb) in designing and implementing a drug abuse educational prevention program among medical college students. methods: this quasi-experimental study was conducted among 12...

Belawan watershed is one of the watersheds that have a primary role in North Sumatra Province. The flow crosses 2 (two) regencies/cities, i.e., Deli Serdang Regency and Medan City. In more detail, City located Hilir Sub-watershed. Several main rivers been polluted shallowed, as result people's habit littering river. People who live around significant sustainability river its ecosystem services....

background: the family as the basis of children’s personality has an important role in creation or prevention of tendency towards anomaly and social damages. this study performed with aimed to determine the role of fathers’ subjective norms, normative beliefs and motivation to comply in prevention of tendency children toward addictive drugs. methods: this was a descriptive cross sectional study...

The drivers (social) and pressures (physical) of marine debris have typically been examined separately. We redress this by using social and beach surveys at nine Tasmanian beaches, across three coastlines and within three categories of urbanisation, to examine whether people acknowledge that their actions contribute to the issue of marine debris, and whether these social drivers are reflected i...

This article deals with discourses of littering prohibition signs found in various places Indonesia, focusing on three main issues, i.e., discourse structures, pragmatic strategies, and sociocultural factors which might influence that structure strategy. Using data collected from websites those Yogyakarta Special Regency, a socio-pragmatics approach, the research finds are constructed by kinds ...