the beginning of religion is cognition of allah and he declares his attributes in the best form in quran. the holy quran also is accepted by all muslims as the most significant of religious cognitive resource. the attempts to protection of interpretation cause the codification and arrangement literary sciences in arabic language. it was done because of interpreters place these sciences as princ...

at the beginning of 20th century, psychology got a special status in contemporary criticism (or critical approaches) through the theories of freud and jung. literary works were being criticized by such approaches on the basis of the text sender (author or poet), after a while, with the rise of other psychological schools – such as gestalt- they started to be criticized on the basis of their inf...

Intercultural education and the attention to diversity have become two of most important aspects in recent decades. There are many areas that can be addressed classroom, always based on tolerance acceptance difference. However, intercultural is destined go one step further: from an inalienable foundation respect for everyone, we aim develop as a positive value must understood accepted. no doubt...

This study examines how reading habits affect people’s sensitivity to word distributions in literary and non-literary writing. We manipulated eight literary and non-literary passages, creating modified versions that had lower word chunk frequencies but higher individual word frequencies than the originals. Subjects were then asked to rate the passages’ quality of writing. Results showed that su...

literary texts critics in the contemporary era have had an outstanding development. schools and critical approaches have been created in this regard such as structuralism, deconstruction or the attitudes which pay attention to reader’s reading. these attitudes do not belong to new text but belongs to the ancient ones as well. one of these schools was structuralism which its consequent was metho...

Typically, Immanuel Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason has been discussed in the context of epistemology, the study of human knowing. However, one aspect or implication that scholars seem to have missed is the relevance that Kant’s theory has for the field of literary criticism; in particular, its relation to the “Reader-Response” theory.In this paper, we will reexamine the basic claims of the Read...

the mu'tazila and the new mu'tazila are two rationalist schools of islamic theology the adherents of which have paid special attention to the literary exegesis of the qur'n.the mu'tazila's literary approach was rooted in their thinking which was based on kalām, including doctrines like quranic createdness )khalq-e qur'an(, inimitability )i'jaz(, the existence ...

In the past ten years considerable attention has been devoted in the literature to violence in schools, especially, bullying behaviour. Research has established that this form of violent behaviour is an endemic problem as school students seek to develop a system of attitudes and values based on mixed social messages from today’s society. The inconsistent models and images they receive from thei...