fair use is a common legal theory of copyright in order to provide free access to scientific, literary and artistic works. the theory has long been faced with a lot of ups and downs in the common law countries and can be considered as a criterion for other countries as well. the recent paper attempts to study this theory in a descriptive-analytical way. finally, it concludes that the acceptance...

In recent years, supporting intellectual property right has gained more significance. Intellectual property rights could be considered as legal rights resulting from intellectual activities in industrial, scientific, literary and artistic fields. Today, many countries are seeking practical information about using intellectual property to improve economic growth. Intellectual property rights hav...

Architects and engineers depend on copyright law to protect their original works. Copyright protection is automatic once a tangible medium of expression in any form of an innovative material, conforming the Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988, is created. In terms of architectural works, they are protected as literary works (design drawings and plans) and as artistic works (the building or m...

A certain air of controversy has arisen around copyright law, as a result of its interactions with digital technology. The body of literature claiming that existing copyright laws are economically sub-optimal is growing rapidly. Some authors are even claiming that it would be better to have no copyright system at all, while others argue that alternatives, such as various forms of public funding...

The recent growth in trade between the People's Republic of China and the Western nations has focused attention on the need to better understand China's social system in order to avoid some of the problems caused when trade occurs between radically different cultures. One potential problem area for Sino-Western traders is the paucity of protection China affords inventions, trademarks, and liter...

Over 6000 patents were issued last year in the US for software related inventions. Patent protection is available for software developments in Australia, US and Europe in addition to copyright protection. However, little use of the system has been made in Australia. We review the different types of intellectual property systems, and the use of the patent system in Australia in relation to prote...

the appliance of international instruments in the field of literally and artistic property rights has cause a well-established and stable international aspect in comparison with its domestic aspect. this discipline has been founded on the basis of the berne convention, 1886, the universal copyright convention, 1952, and the rome convention, 1961, which their translations have all been published...