It has been claimed that human translators rely on some sort of literal translation equivalences to produce translations and to check their validity. More effort would be required if translations are less literal. However, to our knowledge, there is no established metric to measure and quantify this claim. This paper attempts to bridge this gap by introducing a metric for measuring literality o...

This paper studies the four-character frame in subtitle of documentary Daming Palace, aiming to provide a reference for translation case as well better spread Chinese culture. By analyzing, researching and summarizing Palace reading lot literature, author has found that is characterized by use absolute frames recurrence some frames, C-E methods are mainly literal translation, free provincial co...

Doubtless, Machine Translation has affected translation as a process and product. This study tests MT's effectiveness in translating proverbs between English Arabic. It investigates one important CAT tool device. aims to attest which MT will be more communicative, semantic or literal giving target equivalent clarifying the error type would make. To achieve these aims, thirty proverbs, half Arab...

The paper aims to assess the quality of English collaborative translation Rajaa Alsanea’s Arabian novel Girls Riyadh, focusing on linguistic and cultural features Target Text, a few which are sometimes nonexistent in Source Text. mixed literal/functional approach seems be inconsistent, observes, it is possibly due both apparent tension between self-translator her co-translator Marilyn Booth pro...

Psycholinguistic repercussions of early experience in informal translation (language brokering) were examined in two tasks administered to proficient Spanish-English bilingual adults who had extensive brokering experience during childhood and proficient bilinguals without prior brokering experience. It was hypothesized that experience in language brokering leads to a greater sensitivity to non-...

Idioms are the gems of a language. Translating idioms is not an easy task because not all English idioms have equivalents in Chinese idioms due to linguistic, especially cultural differences. Research indicates that there are six translation tactics in translating English idioms into Chinese: literal translation, free translation, compensatory translation, explanational translation, borrowing, ...

This paper presents an approach to the translation of compound words without the need for bilingual training text, by modeling the mapping of literal component word glosses (e.g. “iron-path”) into fluent English (e.g. “railway”) across multiple languages. Performance is improved by adding component-sequence and learnedmorphology models along with context similarity from monolingual text and opt...

Stylistic variations of language, such as formality, carry speakers’ intention beyond literal meaning and should be conveyed adequately in translation. We propose to use lexical formality models to control the formality level of machine translation output. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in empirical evaluations, as measured by automatic metrics and human assessments.

The present study examines non-native (L2) and native (L1) listeners' access to figurative idiomatic meaning and literal constituent meaning in two cross-modal priming experiments. Proficient German learners of English (L2) and native speakers of American English (L1) responded to English target words preceded by English idioms embedded in non-biasing prime sentences in a lexical decision task....