Symbolic (or Literal) Neutrosophic Theory is referring to the use of abstract symbols (i.e. the letters T, I, F, or their refined indexed letters Tj, Ik, Fl) in neutrosophics. We extend the dialectical triad thesis-antithesis-synthesis to the neutrosophic tetrad thesis-antithesis-neutrothesis-neutrosynthesis. The we introduce the neutrosophic system that is a quasi or (t,i,f) classical system, ...

Sense extension, speci cally as required in the generation of metaphor, presents a problem for formalization of a linguistic domain as it requires dynamic interpretation of predicates. We extend a classical model of formalisation to incorporate generation of metaphor. This involves complicating I, the interpretation function, by threading it through each clause where it could potentially be ext...

In daily communication, we often use indirect speech to convey our intention. However, little is known about the brain mechanisms that underlie the comprehension of indirect speech. In this study, we conducted a functional MRI experiment using a scenario reading task to compare the neural activity induced by an indirect reply (a type of indirect speech) and a literal sentence. Participants read...

The automatic development of semantic resources constitutes an important challenge in the NLP community. The methods used generally exploit existing large-scale resources, such as Princeton WordNet, often combined with information extracted from multilingual resources and parallel corpora. In this paper, we show how Cross-Lingual Word Sense Disambiguation can be applied to wordnet development. ...

Native speakers of English use idioms such as put your foot down and spill the beans to label events that are not described literally by the words that compose the idioms. For many such expressions, the idiomatic meanings are transparent; that is, the connection between the literal expression and its figurative meaning makes sense to native speakers. We tested Keysar and Bly's (1995) hypothesis...

Pervasive computing, in technological sense, presents a fusion of various geographically scattered devices and software modules integrated into systems, very diverse regarding the purpose, architecture, and the used technology. Ubiquitous computing is one of the most challenging areas of the distributed (medical) informatics today. Instead of the literal meaning of the term ubiquitous, which me...