Nowadays, Mr systems grow to such a stze that a first specification step is necessary if we want to be able to master their developement and maintenance, for the software part as well for the linguistic part ("lingwares"). Advocating for a clean separation between linguistic tasks and programming tasks, we first introduce a specification/ implementation/ validation framework for NLP then SCSL, ...

PURPOSE The overactive bladder symptom score (OABSS) consists of 4 questions regarding OAB symptoms. The aim of this study was to develop Korean version of the OABSS from the original Japanese version, with subsequent linguistic validation. METHODS Between February and May 2008, the translation and linguistic validation process was performed as follows: a forward translation, reconciliation, ...

BACKGROUND A linguistic validation of the Self-Assessment Goal Achievement (SAGA) questionnaire was conducted for 12 European languages, documenting that each translation adequately captures the concepts of the original English-language version of the questionnaire and is readily understood by subjects in the target population. METHODS Native-speaking residents of the target countries who rep...

Abstract This study investigated the validity of processability theory proposed by Pienemann (1998/2015) among Iranian EFL learners’ oral performance. The theory defines six procedural stages for learners in the process of second language acquisition. In order to conduct the study, 10 intermediate EFL learners were selected based on their performance on Oxford Placement Test. Then, they partici...

Abstract This study investigated the validity of processability theory proposed by Pienemann (1998/2015) among Iranian EFL learners’ oral performance. The theory defines six procedural stages for learners in the process of second language acquisition. In order to conduct the study, 10 intermediate EFL learners were selected based on their performance on Oxford Placement Test. Then, they partici...